Use of the CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) and associated Cas9 enzyme for genome editing has been a major technological breakthrough, making genome modification in cells or organisms faster, more efficient, and more robust than previous genome editing methods. The Alt-RTM CRISPR-Cas9 System is an optimized genome editing solution that outperforms other CRISPR ...

Dear Editor, Recently, zinc finger nuclease, transcription activator-like effector nuclease, and RNA-guided Cas9 endonuclease (Cas9) have emerged as powerful means for genome editing (Conklin, 2013; Gaj et al., 2013). These nucleases are efficient in generating double-strand breaks in the genome that can be repaired by error-prone nonhomologous end joining leading to a functional knockout (KO) ...

Targeted genome engineering has been instrumental for the study of biological processes, and it holds great promise for the treatment of disease. Historically, gene targeting by homologous recombination has been the preferred method to modify specific genes in mouse and human cells (Fig. 1). However, this approach is hampered by low efficiency, the requirement for drug selection to detect targe...

Dear Editor, Recently, engineered endonucleases, such as Zinc-Finger Nucleases (ZFNs) (Carroll, 2011), Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases (TALENs) (Mahfouz et al., 2011; Li et al., 2012), and Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)-associated (Cas) systems (Cong et al., 2013) have been successfully used for gene editing in a variety of species. These syst...

To take into account the experience feedback on solving complex problems in business is deemed as a way to improve the quality of products and processes. Only a few academic works, however, are concerned with the representation and the instrumentation of experience feedback systems. We propose, in this paper, a model of experiences and mechanisms to use these experiences. More specifically, we ...

This paper introduces a mathematical model of a hint as a body of imprecise and uncertain information. Hints are used to judge hypotheses: the degree to which a hint supports a hypothesis and the degree to which a hypothesis appears as plausible in the light of a hint are de ned. This leads in turn to supportand plausibility functions. Those functions are characterized as set functions which ar...

Tuberculosis of the genitourinary tract is a well-known cause of male infertility. However, infertility from infection by nontuberculous mycobacterium has not been reported. Herein, we present a case of seminal vesiculitis due to Mycobacterium gastri in a diabetic patient leading to male infertility. Improvement in semen quality was noticed after 6 months of therapy with isoniazid, ethambutol a...

•Cryo-EM structure of Cas12f in complex with a guide RNA and its target DNA•Type V-F effector consisting dimer single RNA•Molecular mechanism the RNA-guided DNA cleavage by miniature Cas12f•Evolutionary insights into possible origin type V CRISPR-Cas enzymes endonucleases derived from adaptive immune systems are widely used as powerful genome-engineering tools. Among diverse nucleases, (also kn...

We address the problem of designing optimal bu er management policies in shared memory switches when packets already accepted in the switch can be dropped pushed out Our goal is to maximize the overall throughput or equivalently to minimize the overall loss probability in the system For a system with two output ports we prove that the optimal policy is of push out with threshold type POT The sa...

The generation of genetic mutants in Caenorhabditis elegans has long relied on the selection of mutations in large-scale screens. Directed mutagenesis of specific loci in the genome would greatly speed up analysis of gene function. Here, we adapt the CRISPR/Cas9 system to generate mutations at specific sites in the C. elegans genome. CURRENT methods to generate mutations in the genome of Caenor...