The prime objective in this paper is to explore the possibility of combining the seemingly orthogonal processes of watermarking and encryption along the spirit of the chameleon cipher. By integrating perceptual models indirectly through a ’weeding’ process and collusion resistant coding methodologies in the design of the decryption keys, we have shown that it is possible to embed a robust yet r...

Indian agriculture, even after the Green Revolution, is not as productive as it could potentially be. It calls for a second Green Revolution – one of „precision agriculture‟, where cutting-edge technology is used to maximize production with minimum input costs and resources. In this paper we present a multi-purpose agricultural robot to implement precision irrigation, fertilizer addition and de...

Due to the increasing number of herbicide-resistant weed populations and resulting yield losses, control must be given high priority ensure food security. Integrated management (IWM) strategies, including reduced herbicide application, sensor-guided mechanical combinations thereof are indispensable achieve this goal. Therefore, study examined pre- post-emergence applications with sensor-based h...

BACKGROUND The prevalence of different biotic processes (limiting similarity, weaker competitor exclusion) and historical contingency due to priority effects are in the focus of ongoing discussions about community assembly and non-random functional trait distributions. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We experimentally manipulated assembly history in a grassland biodiversity experiment (Jena Ex...

Farming organic vegetable and crops have grown as a market desiring commodity. Weed control in farms has been costly and laborous and it has always been hard to achieve a proper weeding. A few chemicals are commonly applied in organic farming. Thermal weeding with flame burners seems a good solution; however, it has its own drawbacks, such as; damaging the main crops, low performance, being inf...

in order to study effects of competitive weeds (sinapis arvensis, hordeum spp., secale montanum and agrostemma githago) on morphological traits, yield and harvest index of winter rapeseed (brassica napus l.) cultivars a factorial experiment was conducted in islamic azad university of tabriz, during 2007-2008. experimental factors were weeds controlling times included weeding in rosette (5-7 lea...

Aim of study: To test new approaches to perform mechanical weeding inside the row in horticulture and tree fruit fields. The idea is weed by skipping crop means a rotating system instead traditional crosswise one. Area North Italy. Material methods: Numerical models have been developed simulate over time generating numerical maps quantify different kind worked areas. Main results: Considering e...

this experiment was conducted to determine the effect of competition between common weed in chickpea’s form in kermanshah and chickpea (cicer arietinum). it was carried out in sararood experimental station in kermanshah province in 2000. split plot factorial was considered as an experimental design that had four replications. the weeding was main factor with two different levels (whole season w...