In this paper, we focus on the construction of semi-free-start collisions for SHA-256, and show how to turn them into collisions. We present a collision attack on 28 steps of the hash function with practical complexity. Using a two-block approach we are able to turn a semi-freestart collision into a collision for 31 steps with a complexity of at most 2. The main improvement of our work is to ex...

We provide in this paper sufficient conditions for the complete convergence for the partial sums and the random selected partial sums of B-valued Lp-mixingales.

Like most cellular RNA enzymes, the bI5 group I intron requires binding by a protein cofactor to fold correctly. Here, we use single-molecule approaches to monitor the structural dynamics of the bI5 RNA in real time as it assembles with its CBP2 protein cofactor. These experiments show that CBP2 binds to the target RNA in two distinct modes with apparently opposite effects: a "non-specific" mod...

GABAA receptor (GABAAR) pentamers are assembled from a pool of 19 subunits, and variety in subunit combinations diversifies GABAAR functions to tune brain activity. Pentamers with distinct subunit compositions localize differentially at synaptic and non-synaptic sites to mediate phasic and tonic inhibition, respectively. Despite multitudes of theoretical permutations, limited subunit combinatio...

We describe all constructions for loops of Bol-Moufang type analogous to the Chein construction M(G, ∗, g0) for Moufang loops. Mathematics subject classification: 20N05.

HAAS and HILL [1925, 1] have recently directed attention to a chromogen of considerable interest which escapes from the plasmolysed cells of Mercurialis perennis. If the coarsely divided tissue be steeped, anaerobically, in chloroform water for a short time, there results an extract which, on exposure to oxygen, assumes first a rich blue and then a yellow-brown colour. These investigators [1925...

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