In this paper, a control methodology based on the hyperbolic absolute risk averse (HARA) utility function is presented as an alternative to the exponential-of-an-integral approach to finding robust controllers. This work is inspired by the intuition that HARA controllers, while being robust, may give better performance than exponential controllers in normal situations. The HARA problem is shown...

BACKGROUND Although modifiable risk factors have been included in previous models that estimate or project breast cancer risk, there remains a need to estimate the effects of changes in modifiable risk factors on the absolute risk of breast cancer. METHODS Using data from a case-control study of women in Italy (2569 case patients and 2588 control subjects studied from June 1, 1991, to April 1...

BACKGROUND Extended-duration betrixaban showed a significant reduction in venous thromboembolism in the APEX trial (Acute Medically Ill VTE Prevention With Extended Duration Betrixaban Study). Given the variable clinical impact of different efficacy and safety events, one approach to assess net clinical outcomes is to include only those events that are either fatal or cause irreversible harm. ...

OBJECTIVE To estimate the benefits of screening and early treatment of type 2 diabetes compared with no screening and late treatment using a simulation model with data from the ADDITION-Europe study. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We used the Michigan Model, a validated computer simulation model, and data from the ADDITION-Europe study to estimate the absolute risk of cardiovascular outcomes and...

When comparing two groups, one receiving an experimental intervention and the other a placebo or nothing, researchers often wish to assess the disparity in risk of experiencing an event of interest, such as onset of disease. Relative risk, relative risk reduction, and odds ratio are often used to measure the association between potential benefit or harm and the intervention. However, these summ...

In this paper, we consider portfolio selection problem in which security returns are regarded as fuzzy variables rather than random variables. We first introduce a concept of absolute deviation for fuzzy variables and prove some useful properties, which imply that absolute deviation may be used to measure risk well. Then we propose two mean-absolute deviation models by defining risk as abs...

BACKGROUND While different ways of presenting treatment effects can affect health care decisions, little is known about which presentations best help people make decisions consistent with their own values. We compared six summary statistics for communicating coronary heart disease (CHD) risk reduction with statins: relative risk reduction and five absolute summary measures-absolute risk reducti...

BACKGROUND Underutilization of anticoagulant prophylaxis may be due to lack of evidence that prophylaxis prevents clinically important outcomes in hospitalized medical patients at risk for venous thromboembolism. PURPOSE To assess the effects of anticoagulant prophylaxis in reducing clinically important outcomes in hospitalized medical patients. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane da...