nowadays enhancing critical thinking in learners is considered one of the foreign language teachers’ tasks due to its high position in foreign language classrooms. when it comes to selecting materials for language classrooms, there are obviously some criteria that teachers should apply. the present study aimed at a critical thinking based analysis of ten picture story books and ten folktales th...

Background and Objective: E-learning has become an increasingly popular learning approach in higher educational institutions due to the rapid growth of technologies. We need valid and reliable tools to assess the acceptance of this type of training. This study aimed to validate the e-learning acceptance scale. Materials and Methods: This psychometric study was conducted on 223 samples of virtu...

a phase-locked loop (pll) based frequency synthesizer is an important circuit that is used in many applications, especially in communication systems such as ethernet receivers, disk drive read/write channels, digital mobile receivers, high-speed memory interfaces, system clock recovery and wireless communication system. other than requiring good signal purity such as low phase noise and low spu...

Background: When a person is under stressful circumstances, such as confrontation with a life-threatening disease, often make comparisons with each other, which can have effects on their psychological and physical well-being. This research aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of Persian version of social comparisons during chronic illness scale. Methods: The study was descriptive wit...

Background & Aim: Promoting hope in hemodialysis patients is very important. Various methods have been suggested in order to raise hope in patients with chronic diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an illness perception-based intervention on hope in patients with hemodialysis. Methods & Materials: This is a randomized clinical trial (IRCT2016103130609N1) on 120 hemo...

Present research aimed to explore factor structure and psychometric properties of the Illness Attitude (IA) Scale. The study is therefore, performed through three stages. In the first stage, for parallel factor analysis, 929 Shahed University students, selected through cluster sampling, filled out the questionnaire during the academic year 2001-2002. At this stage, the IA scale conceptualized a...