Here, we statistically identified the critical factor of the granulation rate during the fluidized bed granulation process. Lactose was selected as the excipient and was granulated with several binders, including hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, and polyvinylpyrrolidone. The viscosity, density, and surface tension of the binder solution, contact angle, and the work done ...

Copper-carbon composites are candidate materials for heat sinks for high speed/high-performance electronic components. They combine high thermal conductivity with low density and a tailorable coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE). Because of the low wettability of carbon by copper, a thin layer of chromium can be deposited to promote both the adhesion and the thermal contact of copper with the...

We have studied the frictional properties of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of phenyl-terminated alkanethiols, C6H5(CH2)nSH (n = 13–16) on template-stripped gold. The friction force was measured with atomic force microscopy (AFM), and the magnitude of the adhesion was controlled by immersing the sliding contact in ethanol (giving low adhesion) or dry N2 gas (giving enhanced adhesion relative ...

From the early tribological studies of Leonardo da Vinci to Amontons' law, friction has been shown to increase with increasing normal load. This trend continues to hold at the nanoscale, where friction can vary nonlinearly with normal load. Here we present nanoscale friction force microscopy (FFM) experiments for a nanoscale probe tip sliding on a chemically modified graphite surface in an atom...

The congruence coefficient was first introduced by Burt (1948) under the name of unadjusted correlation as a measure of the similarity of two factorial configurations. The name congruence coefficient was later tailored by Tucker (1951, see also Harman, 1976). The congruence coefficient is also sometimes called a monotonicity coefficient (Borg & Groenen, 1997, p. 203). The congruence coefficient...

asthma is considered as a chronic inflammatory airway disease and defined as increased tracheobronchial responsiveness to variety of stimuli. edema and inflammatory cell infiltration in airway is observed in the asthmatic patients. one of the essential changes in inflammation is adhesion of leukocyte to endothelium and transmigration of leukocytes to the sites of inflammation. unfortunately, li...

objectives: postsurgical adhesion is one of the common complications after surgery. some anti-adhesion barriers are commercially available which are not customary used by physicians as much as expected because of ineffectiveness. recently, nanofibers have been introduced as anti-adhesion barriers with the potential of drug delivery. in the light of role of inflammation and oxidative stress in a...