In many signal processing applications, an appropriate measure to compare two signals plays a fundamental role in both implementing the algorithm and evaluating its performance. Several techniques have been introduced in literature as similarity measures. However, the existing measures are often either impractical for some applications or they have unsatisfactory results in some other applicati...

The classic Frankignoul–Hasselmann hypothesis for sea surface temperature (SST) variability of an oceanic mixed layer assumes that the surface heat flux can be simply parameterized as noise induced by atmospheric variability plus a linear temperature relaxation rate. It is suggested here, however, that rapid fluctuations in this rate, as might be expected, for example, from gustiness of the sea...

The idea that global warming leads to more droughts and floods has become commonplace without clear indication of what is meant by this statement. Here, the authors examine one aspect of this problem and assess whether interannual variability of precipitation P minus evaporation E becomes stronger in the twenty-first century compared to the twentieth century, as deduced from an ensemble of mode...

INTRODUCTION A high-resolution aeromagnetic survey collected over the North Slope of Alaska by World Geoscience was acquired in response to a need for highly detailed data in an areawhere traditional geophysical techniques are expensive and prohibitive (McConnell, 1995) (Figure 1). These data were recently released to the University of Texas’ Institute for Geophysics and provide a unique opport...

Surface waves from the Chinese test site of Lop Nor are analyzed using long-period and broadband stations located at regional and teleseismic distances and at different azimuths. For most azimuths, strong Love waves between 0.02 and 0.04S Hz are observed with an amplitude of up to 10 times that of the Rayleigh waves. In addition, an anomalous early Rayleigh wave train is observed at some statio...

In this paper a novel hybrid algorithm for harmonics estimation in power systems is proposed. The estimation of the harmonic components is a nonlinear problem due to the nonlinearity of phase of sinusoids in distorted waveforms. Most researchers implemented nonlinear methods to extract the harmonic parameters. However, nonlinear methods for amplitude estimation increase time of convergence. Hen...

Concurrent with most large El Niño events, cold sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies are observed over the western Pacific warm pool region (WPWP). Observational evidence that SST anomalies that form in the off-equatorial western Pacific during El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycles are forced by subsurface ocean processes equatorward of 12°N and air–sea fluxes poleward of 12°N is presen...

Introduction: The functional effects of orexin-B on the calcium spikes and excitability of the neuronal soma membrane of garden snail, Helix aspersa were studied. Methods: Conventional intracellular recording, under the current clamp conditions was performed to examine the effects of orexin-B on the configuration and electrophysiological properties of calcium spikes. Results: Application o...