OBJECTIVES The primary aim of this study was to estimate annual health care costs for biologic-naïve patients with PsA in the UK. The relationship between disease severity, defined by physical limitations, and costs was also explored. METHODS This study utilized data from the British Society of Rheumatology Biologics Register (BSRBR) to develop a multivariate model estimating disease severity...

BACKGROUND Non-cardiac chest pain (NCCP) is a common complaint. Our aim was to present a detailed description of the costs of patients with NCCP compared to patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and Angina Pectoris (AP) from a societal perspective. METHODS Data on healthcare utilization and annual societal costs, including direct healthcare costs and indirect costs due to productivi...

 Normally, the real-world inventory control problems are imprecisely defined and human interventions are often required to solve these decision-making problems. In this paper, a realistic inventory model with imprecise inventory costs have been formulated for deteriorating items under trade credit policy within the economic production quantity (EPQ) framework. We assume that the supplier would...

AIM To evaluate the annual cost of patients with Wagner grade 3-4-5 diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) from the public payer's perspective in Turkey. METHODS This study was conducted focused on a time frame of one year from the public payer's perspective. Cost-of-illness (COI) methodology, which was developed by the World Health Organization, was used in the generation of cost data. By following a cli...

Electric vehicles represent a promising opportunity to achieve greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction targets in the transport sector. Integrating them comprehensively into energy system requires smart control strategies for charging processes. In this paper we concentrate on processes at end users home. From perspective of an user, optimizing electric might strive different targets: cost minimization ...

INTRODUCTION Pressurized metered-dose inhalers (pMDI) such as fluticasone propionate and salmeterol (FP/SAL) are commonly used for the treatment of asthma in the UK. Previously, a budget impact analysis demonstrated that use of FP and formoterol fumarate (FP/FORM) pMDI as an alternative to FP/SAL pMDI, would be a cost-saving option for the UK National Health Service (NHS). This budget impact an...

OBJECTIVE To assess productivity costs incurred by rheumatoid arthritis, comprising paid as well as household productivity costs, from a societal perspective, using different methods. METHODS A questionnaire on productivity, including items of the Health and Labour Questionnaire, was completed by 576 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (mean disease duration seven years). The friction cost (FC...

In this paper an optimal damped input filter is designed based on a Genetic Algorithm (GA) for an electrolytic capacitor-less AC-AC converter. Sufficient passive damping and minimum losses in passive damping elements, minimization of the filter output impedance at the filter cut-off frequency, minimization of the DC-link voltage and input current fluctuations, and minimization of the filter cos...

The extractive nature of the petroleum industry sets it apart from other industries in many respects. The nature of this industryplaces it at some‘what o f a disadvantage to other industries when attempts are made to foster waste minimization practices and programs. However, this is no excuse for the industry to not further vigorously pursue minimizing waste. This paper describes the petroleum ...