[1] A consistent weakening and poleward expansion of the Hadley circulation is diagnosed in the climate change simulations of the IPCC AR4 project. Associated with this widening is a poleward expansion of the subtropical dry zone. Simple scaling analysis supports the notion that the poleward extent of the Hadley cell is set by the location where the thermally driven jet first becomes baroclinic...

Pancreatic amylase, chymotrypsin B, and trypsin I genes are specifically expressed in the exocrine pancreas. The 5'-flanking regions of these genes direct preferential expression of a linked reporter function (chloramphenicol acetyltransferase) in the pancreatic exocrine cell line AR4-2J. The sequences upstream of the amylase and chymotrypsin genes that are required for this cell specific activ...

We examine changes in the static stability of the midlatitude troposphere in simulations of global warming using 21 coupled climate models in the AR4 archive. The dry static stability within the midlatitudes exhibits a robust increase in the simulations, with upper tropospheric warming outpacing the lower troposphere by approximately 2 K. The increase in stability is especially evident in the s...