As we know the approximation solution of seventh order two points boundary value problems based on B-spline of degree eight has only ${cal O}(h^{2})$ accuracy and this approximation is non-optimal. In this work, we obtain an optimal spline collocation method for solving the general nonlinear seventh order two points boundary value problems. The ${cal O}(h^{8})$ convergence analysis, mainly base...

In this paper, boundary value problems of fractional order are converted into an optimal control problems. Then an approximate solution is constructed from translations and dilations of a B-spline function such that the exact boundary conditions are satisfied. The fractional differential operators are taken in the Riemann-Liouville and Caputo sense. Several example are given and the optimal err...

Ocneria terebinthina Strg. (Lep.: Lymanteriidae) is a leaf borer pest in pistachio orchard. The toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki alone and in combination with henna powder was investigated on third larval instar of O. terebinthina under laboratory conditions. Bioassay was carried out using spray technique on pistachio offshoot. Probit analysis of concentration-mortality data was...

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is common all over the world as well as Iran. The incidence of HCC is higher in hepatitis B carriers and it is highly recommended to periodically screen these patients by serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and liver ultrasound (US) every 6 months. We explore the diagnostic accuracy and the performance of (AFP) in cases of hepatitis B carriers as a scree...