Few studies have attempted to examine analytically various aspects of the contract enforcement institutions in post-Soviet Russia. Researchers agree that the lack of legislation for improving the operation of the legal system, which in turn would enhance the ability of exchange, is producing severe obstacles for economic growth. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, when the administrative hi...

Case-based reasoning technology opens a very promising and enriching new field for electronic commerce applications. However, current CBR applications for sales support in electronic commerce are limited to fixed, unchangeable products. In order to implement sales support for configurable products, the customization of base products must be supported as well. For this purpose, an interactive op...

The database management functions for the Mothers Project are arranged into administrative and analytic task groups, and separate systems are devised for each. The task groups can be distinguished not only by differences in data structure but also by interface requirements. The administrative database system uses a relational database technology, whereas the analytic database system employs mor...

This paper presents the architecture and the self-management algorithms of XPeer, a p2p XML database system. Unlike existing p2p systems, XPeer is capable of self-organizing its administrative layers, so to adapt to changes in the network topology and in the workload. The architecture of XPeer is based on two innovative concepts: the presence of two distinct subsystems (which we call overlays),...

Performance-based accountability (PBA) policies are increasingly adopted in a wide range of education systems order to reform school governance and improve students’ results schools’ performance. Countries around the world have been implementing national large-scale assessments make actors more accountable responsible for results. This policy model has generalized countries with different admin...