Abstract A 2-dimension linguistic lattice implication algebra (2DL-LIA) can build a bridge between logical and fuzzy information. In this paper, the notion of Boolean element is proposed in 2DL-LIA some properties elements are discussed. Then derivations on 2DL-LIAs introduced related investigated. Moreover, it proves that be constructed by elements.

Over the past two decades a number of different approaches to “fuzzy probabilities” have been presented. The use of the same term masks fundamental differences. This paper surveys these different theories, contrasting and relating them to one another. Problems with these existing approaches are noted and a theory of “linguistic probabilities” is developed, which seeks to retain the underlying i...

This study aims to present an accessible model of some frequent nonfinite adverbial types occurring in English prose fiction. As its main syntactic argument, it recognizes that these adverbials are mostly elliptical in that there are some dependent-clause markers one can assume to be implicit when supplying those elements back into the clause complex. Some comments are provided at the end on th...

Time saving and time flexibility of eGovernment procedures is more attractive than face-to-face services to citizens. Citizens may interact with government via emails, search administrative information via eGovernment portals, or even via large-public search engines. Procedural question-answering systems are of much interest to query legislation, court decisions, guidelines, procedures, etc. In...

This paper presents an analysis of the linguistic anthropology which underpins the language dynamics of two Gaeltacht (Irish-speaking) areas, Ros Muc in Conamara, Co. Galway and Ráth Cairn in Co. Meath. This research highlights what could be considered a socio-linguistic paradox: the community (Ráth Cairn) which engages more vigorously in language maintenance endeavors, and exhibits a greater a...

In the present chapter, we first overview the precursors that allowed the development of cognitive theories of consciousness, and in particular we consider the notions of attention, working-memory, modularity and the distinction between automatic and controlled processes. Then we present a selection of influential contemporary accounts of consciousness, based on three themes: consciousness resu...