Drosophila has highly efficient defenses against infection. These include both cellular immune responses, such as the phagocytosis of invading microorganisms, and humoral immune responses, such as the secretion of antimicrobial peptides into the hemolymph [1] [2]. These defense systems are thought to interact, but the nature and extent of these interactions is not known. Here we describe a meth...

The objective of this study was to compare immune responses induced in BALB/c mice following immunization with pcDNA-GPV-VP2 DNA by gene gun bombardment (6 μg) or by intramuscular (im) injection (100 μg) with the responses to live attenuated vaccine by im injection (100 μl). pcDNA3.1 (+) and physiological saline were used as controls. Peripheral blood samples were collected at 3, 7, 14, 21, 28,...

H-2 antigens on spleen cell membranes absorb antibody to H-2 antigens and induce both humoral and cellular responses. Liver cell membrane H-2 antigens by contrast also absorb antibody but do not influence cellular response and are tolerogenic for the humoral response. This paper demonstrates that syngeneic liver cells contain a substance which can transform the properties of allogeneic spleen c...

Objective: The immunomodulatory effect of geranial, geranial acetate, gingerol, and eugenol essential oils were evaluated by studying humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. Materials and Method: The essential oils were evaluated for immunomodulatory activity in in vivo studies, using rats as the animal model. The essential oils were tested for hypersensitivity and hemagglutination reaction...

Introduction: Glycoprotein B (gB) is the major antigen for induction of humoral responses against human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) making it an attractive candidate for immune prophylaxis. In the present study, the humoral immune response of BALB/c mice to a truncated HCMV gB protein fused with GFP was evaluated. Methods: The truncated gB coding sequence was synthesized and cloned in pEGFPN1 eukary...

Protection to tetanus is often not optimal in developing countries due to incomplete vaccination schemes, or decreased efficacy of vaccination. In this study we investigated the immunological response to tetanus booster vaccination in school children living in a semi-urban or in a rural area of Gabon. Tetanus-specific total IgG as well as antibody subclasses of the IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4 iso...

DNA vaccines induce humoral and cellular immune responses in animal models and humans. To analyze the immunogenicity of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus (CoV), SARS-CoV, spike DNA vaccine and the immunoregulatory activity of interleukin-2 (IL-2), DNA vaccine plasmids pcDNA-S and pcDNA-IL-2 were constructed and inoculated into BALB/c mice with or without pcDNA-IL-2 by usi...