Antitumor therapy with the anthracycline doxorubicin is limited by a severe cardiotoxicity, which seems to correlate with the cardiac levels of doxorubicin and its metabolization to reactive oxygen species. Previous biochemical studies showed that hydrogen peroxide-activated myoglobin caused an oxidative degradation of doxorubicin; however, a pharmacological evaluation of this metabolic pathway...

Studies of the mutant gene in Huntington's disease, and for eight related neurodegenerative disorders, have identified polyglutamine (polyQ) expansions as a basis for cellular toxicity. This finding has led to a disease hypothesis that protein aggregation and cellular dysfunction can occur at a threshold of approximately 40 glutamine residues. Here, we test this hypothesis by expression of fluo...

Rifampin, an antibiotic widely used for the treatment of mycobacterial infections, produceshepatic, renal and bone marrow toxicity in human and animals. In this study, the protectiveeffects of vitamin C and n-acetylcysteine (NAC) on the toxicity of rifampin on HepG2 cellswere investigated.Human hepatoma cells (HepG2) were cultured in 96-well M of rifampin in the presence ofmicroplate and expose...

Rifampin, an antibiotic widely used for the treatment of mycobacterial infections, produceshepatic, renal and bone marrow toxicity in human and animals. In this study, the protectiveeffects of vitamin C and n-acetylcysteine (NAC) on the toxicity of rifampin on HepG2 cellswere investigated.Human hepatoma cells (HepG2) were cultured in 96-well M of rifampin in the presence ofmicroplate and expose...

Recently lots of efforts have been taken to develop superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) for biomedical applications. So it is utmost necessary to have in depth knowledge of the toxicity occurred by this material. This article is designed in such way that it covers all the associated toxicity issues of SPIONs. It mainly emphasis on toxicity occurred at different levels including ...

Growing concern that phthalic acid esters (PAE) may present a health hazard and possible deleterious effects on the ecological system has led to increased interest in the more subtle toxicity of those compounds. Although the acute toxicity of PAEs as a group is quite low, the intrinsic cellular toxicity increases with molecular weight. Whether the intrinsic toxicity is great enough to exert a s...

C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP) is a ubiquitously expressed stress-inducible transcription factor robustly induced by maladaptive endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stresses in a wide variety of cells. Here, we examined a novel function of Sigma 1 receptor (Sigmar1) in regulating CHOP expression under ER stress in cardiomyocytes. We also defined Sigmar1-dependent activation of the adaptive ER-stress pa...

The cellular toxicities of surfactants, a solvent, and an antifreeze that are included in herbicide formulations were assessed by measuring their effects on membrane integrity, metabolic activity, mitochondrial activity, and total protein synthesis rate in a cell culture. Polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and monoethylene glycol exhibited no cellular toxicity even at a high concentration o...

introduction: cell culture is a process in which the cells ware isolated from original tissue, dispersed in liquid media and then placed in culture plate where the cells adhere together and propagate. today, this method is used for assessment of cell toxicity, its mechanisms and effect of different compounds on intracellular components. methods: clonogenic assay was used for assessment of cell ...