Although many agents have therapeutic potentials for central nervous system (CNS) diseases, few of these agents have been clinically used because of the brain barriers. As the protective barrier of the CNS, the blood-brain barrier and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier maintain the brain microenvironment, neuronal activity, and proper functioning of the CNS. Different strategies for efficien...

Introduction The composition of the dialysate and/or substitution fluid, as well as the modality of its administration, are important parts of adequate CRRT management. In particular, the choice of a buffer has elicited a considerable amount of interest in the literature. Less data are available on other components or on the required bacteriological quality of CRRT fluids. Whether the pre-dilut...

1. When the plasma protein of dogs is lowered by plasmapheresis, the concentration of chloride and sodium in the plasma and the cerebrospinal fluid tends to become the same, a diminishing of the usual disparity which exists in the presence of a normal plasma protein. 2. This is in accord with the theory that the cerebrospinal fluid is a dialysate, with the choroid plexus acting as a simple dial...

BACKGROUND In peritoneal dialysis, the rate of ultrafiltration has been predicted to be a major determinant of peritoneal calcium (Ca2+) removal. Hence, dialysis fluid glucose concentration should be an important factor governing the transperitoneal Ca2+ balance. The aim of this study was to test the effect of various dialysate glucose levels and selected dialysate Ca2+ levels on Ca2+ removal i...

The effectiveness of the haemodialysis (HD) treatment directly affects survival and quality life dialysis patients. In this regard, composition dialysate, including water, is very important. Normalizing plasma electrolyte mineral concentrations before to while reducing significant changes in patient's intradialytic one HD's main goals. For purpose avoiding intra- interdialytic hypotension as we...

between the sympathetic nervous system and sodium potassium adenosine triphosphatase inhibitor in salt-sensitive patients with essential hypertension. salt intake, nitric oxide and asymmetric dimethylarginine and its relevance to patients with end-stage renal disease. Blood Purif 2002; 20: 466–468 10. Aviv A. Salt consumption, reactive oxygen species and cardiovas-cular ageing: a hypothetical l...

Concentrations of prostaglandins E, F, and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha were estimated in central venous blood and amniotic fluid in 21 women with eclampsia and 16 healthy pregnant controls. Central venous blood concentrations of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha and prostaglandin E were significantly lower in patients than controls before delivery and remained reduced for at least 48 hours after ...

Drugs used to treat brain or central nervous system disorder suffer from shortfall of absorption and reaching brain due to blood brain barrier and cerebro spinal fluid barrier. Intra nasal administration of brain targeted drug delivery system is gaining popularity to circumvent blood brain barrier and enhance drug availability in brain. It also shows promising reduction of systemic adverse effe...

The present study used passive limb movement as an experimental model to study the effect of increased blood flow and passive stretch, without enhanced metabolic demand, in young healthy male subjects. The model used was 90 min of passive movement of the leg leading to a 2.8-fold increase (P < 0.05) in blood flow without a significant enhancement in oxygen uptake. Muscle interstitial fluid was ...