background central dialysate fluid delivery systems (cdds) are used by dialysis centers in japan, and although these systems are effective at delivering dialysate, they have a complex piping network with numerous sites where contamination can develop. in japan, cleaning disinfectants have been clinically evaluated based on endotoxin levels and bacterial counts, but there have been no published ...

Background: To cope with the increasing number of patients on long-term hemodialysis (HD), especially those with diabetic nephropathy, we designed a fully automated HD system to decrease staff workload and hence human errors related to HD treatment. In this study, we evaluated this new system as a clinical trial. Methods: Based on a dialysis machine combined with a central dialysate delivery sy...

background: several multiphase flow analyses have been developed to predict the fate of particles used in inhalation drug delivery; however, the collapse of droplets during their passage through respiratory tract has not been investigated. objective: to assess the probability of droplet collapse in the upper respiratory tract. methods: a 3d model of mouth-to-second generation airway after the t...

Often, too little consideration is given to the fluids used in all forms of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). However, errors in fluid prescription, delivery, or creation can be rapidly fatal; in addition, fluid associated expenses can be the overriding cost in continuous renal replacement therapies. While a standard solution is frequently acceptable in most clinical circumstances, s...

INTRODUCTION Dialysis is an effective treatment for end-stage renal disease, but it is available to only approximately half of those who need it in the world. METHODS Two prototype passive-flow dialysate delivery systems were constructed. RESULTS Each dialysate delivery system provided a flow of dialysate in the range of 200-300 mL/minute. In one example, flow regulation was good, but ultra...

BACKGROUND The study describes the structure and operational characteristics of a new wearable system for continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) for chronic kidney disease patients. METHODS We designed a wearable system consisting of: (1) a double lumen peritoneal catheter; (2) a dialysate outflow line; (3) a miniaturized rotary pump; (4) a circuit for dialysate regeneration featuri...

During peritoneal dialysis solutes and water are transported across the peritoneum, a thin “membrane” lining the abdominal and pelvic cavities. Dialysis fluid containing an “osmotic agent”, usually glucose, is infused into the peritoneal space, and solutes and water pass from the blood into the dialysate (and vice versa). The complex physiological mechanisms of fluid and solute transport betwee...