Water pH and active ingredient concentration are two of the most important variables to consider in the manufacturing process of fungicides. If these variables do not meet the required standards, the quality of the product may be compromised and lead to poor fungicide performance when water is used as the application carrier, which is in most cases. Given the correlation between the variable...

AIM To develop a customised, portable, cost-effective (logarithmic minimal angle resolution) LogMAR chart with adjustable illumination for use as a mass vision-screening device in the rural population. MATERIALS AND METHODS Visual acuity of 100 individuals was evaluated with a customised chart and compared with the standard Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) chart and Snellen'...

The common consideration on economic model is that there is knowledge about the risk of occurrence of an assignable cause and the various cost parameters that does not always adequately describe what happens in practice. Hence, there is a need for more realistic assumptions to be incorporated. In order to reduce cost penalties for not knowing the true values of some parameters, this paper aims ...