Background: One of the most common causes of infertility in women is ovulatory dysfunction (PCOS) and the choice of treatment is clomiphene citrate. One of the mechanism of dichotomy between the rate of ovulation and pregnancy is anti estrogenic effects of clomiphene citrate on endometrium. According to its long half life, the anti estrogenic effects probably exacerbate in consecutive cycles. W...

AIM The objective of this study was to compare the use of clomiphene citrate and letrozole in an IVF setting in which the objective was to produce only one or two embryos. Either clomiphene citrate or letrozole was used in conjunction with gonadotropins without the use of GnRH antagonists. METHODS Sixty-two patients received either clomiphene citrate or letrozole with low dose gonadotropins i...

Our objective was to examine the relationship between patient weight and the dose of clomiphene required for pregnancy so as to assess the validity of recommendations that the dose of clomiphene be limited to 100 mg. We retrospectively analysed the weight-dose relationship in 1681 clomiphene pregnancies and the relationship between dose and pregnancy, births, multiple births, number of pre-ovul...

The aim of this work was to compare the efficiency of standard intrauterine insemination (IUI) and Fallopian tube sperm perfusion (FSP) in the treatment of infertility. Ninety-six consecutive patients with infertility in 100 cycles were included in the study. Those randomized to standard IUI included 48 patients in 50 cycles [25 clomiphene citrate only and 25 clomiphene citrate/human menopausal...

background: in patients with anovulatory infertility the first choice of treatment for ovulation induction is an antiestrogen, most commonly clomiphene citrate (cc). however, 20-25% of the women are resistant to cc and do not ovulate perhaps due to antiestrogenic mechanism of the cc action, which involves long-lasting estrogen receptor (er) depletion. objective: the objective of the study was t...

Evidence • Systematic review of RCTs of antiestrogens in PCOS1: -In 3 RCTs (N = 133) that examined clomiphene (50 to 250 mg/d, 1 to 5 cycles) versus placebo, the pregnancy rate was higher with clomiphene (20% vs 3%); the number needed to treat (NNT) was 6. Live births and miscarriages were not reported. -Limitations: small sample, variable dosing and number of cycles, high dropout rate, poor ad...

The outcome of ovulation induction in anovulatory polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) may depend, in part, on the pharmacologic compounds used, but also on individual patient characteristics, such as age, body mass index (BMI), hyperandrogenism, luteinizing hormone (LH), hyper-secretion, anti mullerian hormone (AMH) levels and possibly antral follicle count (AFC) with ovarian volume of these wom...

N-acetylcysteine is the acetylated variant of the amino acid L-cysteine and is widely used as the specific antidote for acetaminophen overdose. Other applications for N-acetylcysteine supplementation supported by scientific evidence include prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation, prevention of contrast-induced kidney damage during imaging procedures, attenuation of ill...

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a disorder of androgen excess and ovarian dysfunction. Hirsutism and elevated free testosterone levels are the most consistent signs of the androgen excess. Irregular, infrequent, or absent menses and infertility are symptoms of ovulatory dysfunction. Obesity is also a feature of this syndrome and contributes to associated metabolic abnormalities. Lifestyle...