Objective: Vitamin D may affect the modulation of signaling pathways in the central nervous system. We aimed to evaluate the effect of high-dose vitamin D supplementation on neuropsychological functions in female adolescents. Methods: We studied the effects of 9 weeks of vitamin D supplementation (50000 IU vitamin D3 [cholecalciferol]/week) on cognitive abilities and sleep disorders in 940 ado...

the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a computer - based training program of attention, memory and executive functions in enhancing neuropsychological performances as well as functional outcome in clients with schizophrenia.a total of 15 clinically stable out patients with diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (dsm-iv-tr) criteria for schizophrenia, diagnosed wit...

The current research tested the hypothesis that the abilities for understanding other people's minds give rise to the cognitive biases that underlie supernatural beliefs. We used structural equation modeling (N=2789) to determine the roles of various mentalizing tendencies, namely self-reported affective and cognitive empathy (i.e., mind reading), actual cognitive and affective empathic abiliti...

When interpreting the results of experiments that test the cognitive abilities of infants, we must be careful not to attribute to them the cognitive abilities of adults. By merely mapping adult capabilities onto infants, we may provide explanations that, while in line with the understanding of those abilities in adults, do not properly describe the actual cognitive processes that are taking pla...

the aim of this study has been developing a comprehensive, reliable, and valid package for the assessment of cognitive and psychomotor abilities of children. to this end, 661 children were selected using stratified random sampling. they were then divided to six age groups, ranging from 6.5 to 12.5 years old .this study was conducted using the cross battery assessment method in four steps: a) th...

In this paper, we investigate whether individual differences in performance on heuristic and biases tasks can be explained by cognitive abilities, monitoring confidence, and control thresholds. Current theories explain individual differences in these tasks by the ability to detect errors and override automatic but biased judgments, and deliberative cognitive abilities that help to construct the...

The authors recently developed the concept of motivational reserve, which implies a set of motivational abilities that provide individuals with resilience to neuropathological damage. This study investigated how lifetime motivational abilities are associated with current cognitive status, mild cognitive impairment, and psychological well-being in old age. A community sample of 147 participants ...