Abstract The present study attempted to investigate the impact of cooperation versus collaboration on college students` reading ability. To fulfill the purpose of the study, 90 participants were chosen from among 140 by means of administering the Nelson Proficiency Test. They were divided into three groups: cooperative group, collaborative group, and control group. A fifty-item multiple-choice ...

BACKGROUND International collaborative research is a mechanism for improving the development of disease-specific therapies and for improving health at the population level. However, limited data are available to assess the trends in research output related to orphan diseases. METHODS AND FINDINGS We used bibliometric mapping and clustering methods to illustrate the level of fragmentation in m...

Introduction Collaborative innovation is a trans-disciplinary approach for developing the wholeness synergy to improve the competitiveness of an organization through holistic, competitive and complementary interactions between and among innovation participants in a specific environment (Bommert, 2010; Swink, 2006). The collaborative innovation system essentially consists of three sectors: indus...

The output of family medicine research in developing countries varies vastly from country to country and also within countries. Most research originates from academic departments of family medicine or from collaborative initiatives with researchers in developed countries. There is generally a paucity of researchers, resources, and expertise. Many factors affecting the research output in primary...

In the present paper, an analysis of Indian S&T has been presented using its publication output in international peer reviewed journals covered in Web of Science database. It analyses India’s publication activity in terms of global share, share of international collaborative publications, and visibility & citation impact for the period 1991-2006. It explores how far the trends in India S&T outp...

Despite of its small size, the Central American country of Costa Rica is internationally recognized as one of the world leaders in conservation and as the Central American leader in science. There have been no recent studies on the country's scientific production. The objective of this study was to analyze the Costa Rican scientific output as represented in the Science Citation Index Expanded. ...

this paper focuses upon the development of an efficient method for conceptual design optimization of a satellite. there are many option for a satellite subsystems that could be choice, as acceptable solution to implement of a space system mission. every option should be assessment based on the different criteria such as cost, mass, reliability and technology contraint (complexity). in this rese...