[1] Seismic tomography has revealed two large low shear velocity provinces (LLSVPs) in the lowermost mantle beneath the central Pacific and Africa. The LLSVPs are further shown to be compositionally different from their surroundings. Among several hypotheses put forth in recent years to explain the cause of the LLSVPs, one postulates that they are thermochemical piles caused by accumulation of ...

One of the fundamental geophysical observations made of the Earth is the stratified nature of the continental crust, in which the lower crust comprises denser, more mafic material and the upper crust comprises less dense, more felsic material. This chemically differentiated layered structure is developed and maintained by partial melting at depth and the ascent of magma to shallower crustal lev...

[1] The absent or weak magnetic field above large Martian volcanoes may provide constraints on their formation and the carrier of magnetization. We consider the ability of magma intrusions to thermally demagnetize the shallow crust beneath volcanoes through heat conduction and hydrothermal circulation. If magnetization is dominated by magnetite, the volume of crust that is thermally demagnetize...

1-Introduction Damavand volcano was formed by explosive and non-explosive eruptions on the old eroded rock units (Mesozoic and older) of Central Alborz during the Quaternary period and formed two huge cone (Old and Young Damavand). Davidson et al. (2004) determined the time of Old-Damavand activity from 1800 to 800 thousand years ago by measuring Ar/Ar and U-Th/He methods. According to their ...

Today, various methods have been developed to reduce the cost and time needed for the preparation and production of bread. One of these methods is using baking premixes to increase ease and create uniformity for bread quality. This research was carried out with the aim of investigating the possibility of producing baking premixes to improve quality and delay the staling of Baguette and Barbary...

tertiary intrusive granitoids within the lut block in the khorasan razavi and south khorasan provinces are mainly sub-volcanic with porphyry texture and their composition varies from granite to diorite but monzonite is dominant. with the exception of hired, these are classified as belonging to the magnetite-series of i-type granitoids. chemically, these rocks are meta-aluminous. those with mine...

We conduct a two-dimensional numerical experiment on the lower crust under an intraplate strike-slip fault based on laboratory-derived power-law rheologies considering the effects of grain size and water. To understand the effects of far-field loading and material properties on the deformation of the lower crust on a geological time scale, we assume steady fault sliding on the fault in the uppe...

Liquid manure (slurry) storages are sources of gases such as ammonia (NH(3)) and methane (CH(4)). Danish slurry storages are required to be covered to reduce NH(3) emissions and often a floating crust of straw is applied. This study investigated whether physical properties of the crust or crust microbiology had an effect on the emission of the potent greenhouse gases CH(4) and nitrous oxide (N(...

Introduction: The Martian meteorite whole rock Rb-Sr isotopic compositions and the initial Pb data from plagioclase separates suggest strongly that the crust of their parent body originated from an ancient planetary global differentiation process about 4.5 Ga ago. The absence of plate tectonic activity on early Mars excludes a crustal recycling and preserves the isotopic systems derived from th...