Community competition policy utilizes four main instruments in order to contribute to the realization of these prerequisites: classical antitrust (prohibition of cartels and abuses of dominant positions), merger control, supervision of enterprises entrusted with special or exclusive rights, and State aid control. Energy liberalization requires the comprehensive use of all four instruments in or...

The EC Commission has examined a number of airline alliances under EC competition law. Its general approach is to identify the relevant market(s), to assess the likely effect on competition in those markets and then to propose remedies/conditions. Remedies generally include those: concerning operations on the route(s); allowing competitors access to certain facilities; involving undertakings by...

More than one hundred and thirty countries or jurisdictions now have laws that seek to safeguard and foster market competition. At a minimum, such competition laws prohibit agreements among supposed competitors to fix prices, divide markets, or in other ways avoid or undermine market competition. Often, these laws go much further. Many additionally seek to constrain the exercise of market power...

in this article, we attempt to answer this question whether it necessary and appropriate for government's actions to be follower of inspections of competition law or not? therefore, first we will describe the literature related to question, then we will answer to the mentioned question in different hypotheses and with paying attention to both performed action in general's power area o...

We may not be able to make you love reading, but competition law and regulation of technology markets will lead you to love reading starting from now. Book is the window to open the new world. The world that you want is in the better stage and level. World will always guide you to even the prestige stage of the life. You know, this is some of how reading will give you the kindness. In this case...

This Essay is about air transport and EC competition Law. The air transport industry has, in many countries, developed as a mixture of public utility and commercial venture. With the deregulation of the airline market, the EC Commission has also, to an increasing extent, become involved in the competition aspects of the airline industry. Part I deals with the transportation industry. Part II di...

This paper studies interjurisdictional competition in the fight against crime and its impact on occupational choice and the allocation of capital. In a world where capital is mobile, jurisdictions are inhabited by individuals who choose to become workers or criminals. Because the return of the two occupations depends on capital, and because investment in capital in a jurisdiction depends on its...