Results Ex vivo cytokine profile The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-a were higher in unstimulated and LPS stimulated PBMC supernatants of FMF patients in crises compared to the control group. Concentrations were comparable between FMF patients during and between crises. There was no difference in spontaneous IL1-b and IL-1 a release by PBMCs of FMF patients and controls. Howe...

The aim of this paper is to identify which factors explain why some countries are more prone to enjoy long durations of stability, while others experience crises in shorter intervals. To this end, we analyze the duration of stability periods between currency, debt, and banking crises from 1980 to 2008. We find that durations of tranquility between currency and debt crises are bimodally distribu...

Red cell enzyme deficiency disease states are reviewed to outline the requirements for transfusion therapy in the neonatal period, during spontaneous crises, drug or infection-induced crises and chronic anemia.

This paper proposes a macroeconomic model with financial intermediaries (banks), in which banks face occasionally binding leverage constraints and may endogenously affect the strength of their balance sheets by issuing new equity. The model can account for occasional financial crises as a result of the nonlinearity induced by the constraint. Banks’ precautionary equity issuance makes financial ...

There is a recurrent discourse about the fragmentation of psychology and its crises as a science, which often leads to a disenchanted view about its future. To this discourse we oppose a developmental one, in which crises can be occasions for development, and in which development might imply differentiation. We first review why psychology can be said to be in crisis. We then situate the crisis ...

This paper studies the influence of bank market concentration, regulation, and institutions on the real effects of 68 systemic banking crises in 54 countries over the 1980-2000 period. We find that less stringent restrictions on non-traditional bank activities and on the mixing of banking and commerce have a negative effect on economic growth during normal periods but mitigate the negative effe...

We study optimal macroprudential policy in a model in which unconventional shocks, in the form of news about future fundamentals and regime changes in world interest rates, interact with collateral constraints in driving the dynamics of financial crises. These shocks strengthen incentives to borrow in good times (i.e. when “good news” about future fundamentals coincide with a low-world-interest...

Financial crises in countries are often accompanied by an out‡ow of foreign portfolio investment and an in‡ow of foreign direct investment (FDI). We provide an agency-theoretic framework that explains this phenomenon. During crises, agency problems a¤ecting domestic …rms are exacerbated, and, in turn, external …nancing constrained. Direct ownership can circumvent these problems, but during cris...

This article investigates the effects of macroeconomic policy (monetary and fiscal) on output growth during financial crises characterized by a “sudden stop” in net capital inflows in developing and emerging market economies. We investigate 83 sudden stop crises in 77 countries over 1982-2003 using a baseline empirical model to control for the various determinants of output losses during sudden...

or insolvent. Such crises have recurred throughout the history of capitalism. A collapse in investor confidence, usually after a period of market euphoria, marks such crises—examples include the Dutch tulip mania crisis of 1637–38, the Indian cotton futures market crash of 1866, and the Great Depression of 1929. When foreign lenders are involved, cross-border payments problems arise as well. Th...