"The waste of only a single cent a coolie a day on a labour force of forty thousands means a direct loss of 126,000 Straits dollars (almost £15,000) per annum; and to increase the efficiency of the labour by a cent a day means a corresponding gain" (Malcolm Watson, Rural sanitation in the tropics, London, 1915, p. xviii). Watson's observation may appear a little crude but it depicts a reality-a...

City growth and environmental difficulties last decades leads the art of urban design and development think more precisely and new approaches for conserving environment and developing urban areas have been evolved.The present study deals with concepts related to ecology in the city and in particular the theory of Ecological Urbanism and its criteria is expressed. Also theory and characteristics...

In this paper, I discuss the debate over digital games and narrative in light of medium theory (also known as media ecology). The communicative environment created by a society’s media can favor certain kinds of cultural change. After analyzing the stories (or lack of them) in three very different games, I argue with ludologists that games are not narratives. I believe, however, that the digita...