Precise regulation of flowering time is critical for plant reproductive success and, in cereals, to maximize grain yields. Seasonal cues including temperature and day length are integrated to regulate the timing of flowering. In temperate cereals, extended periods of cold (vernalization) release the repression of FLOWERING LOCUS T1 (FT1), which is upregulated in the leaves in response to induct...

in order to determine the effect of vernalization on phenology and development rate of canola varieties, an experiment was conducted at research farm of gorgan university of agricultural science and natural resources during 2005-2006. the experiment was a randomized complete block design arranged in split plot with four replications. six varieties of canola (option500, rgs003, hyola308, hyola60...

During the initial vegetative phase, the Arabidopsis shoot meristem produces leaves with associated lateral shoots at its flanks, while the later reproductive phase is characterized by the formation of flowers. The LEAFY gene is an important element of the transition from the vegetative to the reproductive phase, as LEAFY is both necessary and sufficient for the initiation of individual flowers...

The application of gibberellic acid (GA(3)) to the non-rosette long-day plant Lemna gibba G3 at concentrations from 0.1 to 100 mg/l did not induce flowering on short days and inhibited flowering on long days at concentrations of 1 mg/l and higher. On both short and long days GA(3) concentrations above 1 mg/l caused a decrease in frond size and fresh and dry weight, but an increase in the rate o...

Single-phase transition during flowering has been suggested by Hempel and Feldman (1994) [Planta 192: 276]. When early flowering ecotypes of Arabidopsis were microscopically observed, a long day signal simultaneously induced the acropetal (bottom to top) production of flower primordia and the basipetal (top to bottom) differentiation of paraclades (axillary flowering shoots) from the axils of p...

The major maturity gene E1 has the most prominent effect on flowering time and photoperiod sensitivity of soybean, but the pathway mediated by E1 is largely unknown. Here, we found the expression of GmFT4, a homolog of Flowering Locus T, was strongly up-regulated in transgenic soybean overexpressing E1, whereas expression of flowering activators, GmFT2a and GmFT5a, was suppressed. GmFT4 express...

Although multiple environmental cues regulate the transition to flowering in Arabidopsis thaliana, previous studies have suggested that wild A. thaliana accessions fall primarily into two classes, distinguished by their requirement for vernalization (extended winter-like temperatures), which enables rapid flowering under long days. Much of the difference in vernalization response is apparently ...