Cork oak ( Quercus suber L.) forests are def ned here as the range of habitats from open savanna-like woodland formations to dense forests. According to the European forest type’s nomenclature (EEA 2007 ) these ecosystems are included in the ‘broadleaved evergreen forest’ class and in the ‘Mediterranean e vergreen oak forest’ type. This forest type is dominated by the e vergreen sclerophyllous ...

The one sided crossing minimization problem consists of placing the vertices of one part of a bipartite graph on prescribed positions on a straight line and finding the positions of the vertices of the second part on a parallel line and drawing the edges as straight lines such that the number of pairwise edge crossings is minimized. This problem represents the basic building block used for draw...

Moose and reindeer occur in large populations in the Fennoscandian boreal forests, and also roe deer occurs in dense populations in Sweden and Norway. These large herbivores affect the structure and function of the forest ecosystems. During periods of high densities discussions arise about the impact of these herbivores on e.g. economic forest trees and preservation of biodiversity. The aim of ...

Tropical countries like Cambodia require information about forest biomass for successful implementation of climate change mitigation mechanism related to Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD+). This study investigated the potential of Phased Array-type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar Fine Beam Dual (PALSAR FBD) 50 m mosaic data to estimate Above Ground Biomass (AGB...

Forest structure is a key element to determine the capacity of mountain forests to protect people and their assets against natural hazards. Airborne laser scanning offers new ways for describing forest structure in 3D. This study aimed at developing a generic automated approach for assessing and quantifying forest structure using landscape metrics on height class patches of the normalized crown...

The ability to retrieve forest stem volume using CARABAS (coherent all radio band sensing) SAR images (28–60 MHz) has been investigated. The test site is a deciduous mixed forest on the island of Öland in southern Sweden. The images have been radiometrically calibrated using an array of horizontal dipoles. The images exhibit a clear discrimination between the forest and open fields. The results...

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This work introduces a novel way to identify dense regions in a graph based on a mode-seeking clustering technique, relying on the Sum-Over-Forests (SoF) density index [1] (which can easily be computed in closed form through a simple matrix inversion) as a local density estimator. We rst identify the modes of the SoF density in the graph. Then, the nodes of the graph are assigned to the cluster...

‎‎‎In this paper‎, ‎the‎ notion of injectivity with respect to order dense embeddings in ‎‎the category of $S$-posets‎, ‎posets with a monotone action of a‎ pomonoid $S$ on them‎, ‎is studied‎. ‎We give a criterion‎, ‎like the Baer condition for injectivity of modules‎, ‎or Skornjakov criterion for injectivity of $S$-sets‎, ‎for the order dense injectivity‎. ‎Also‎, ‎we consider such injectivit...

We study the effects of laser phase noise on a phase diversity coherent optical frequency domain (C-OFD) technique that has been recently proposed to measure passive devices used in dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) systems. Theoretical expressions are provided to calculate the laser phase-noise to intensity-noise conversion in this technique under simplified circumstances. Obtained...