The boundaryless beam propagation method uses a mapping function to transform the infinite real space into a finite-size computational domain [Opt. Lett.21, 4 (1996)]. This leads to a bounded field that avoids the artificial reflections produced by the computational window. However, the method suffers from frequency aliasing problems, limiting the physical region to be sampled. We propose an ad...

Aflatoxins are secondary metabolites produced by Aspergillus flavus, A. parasiticus, A. tamari, A. bombycis and A. nomius species. Relative humidity (RH) is one of the most important parameters influencing the development of aflatoxins in pistachio orchards by Aspergillus species. The type of irrigation system affects density and frequency of the Aspergillus species in the soil. In the current ...

In this contribution we first derive the correlation coefficient of two subcarriers in multicarrier systems using cyclic-prefixing (CP) for inter-symbol interference (ISI) suppression and inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT)/fast Fourier transform (FFT) for multicarrier modulation/demodulation. It can be shown that two subcarriers spaced far away may experience highly correlated fading. Then, ...

Introduction: Time-frequency representations (TFRs) indicate variations of the signal spectral characteristics with time, and they are the natural choice as an analysis tool for the non-stationary signals [1]. The main objectives of the various types of time-frequency distribution functions (e.g. Wigner-Ville distribution (WVD) [1], short-time Fourier transform (STFT) [1], the S-transform [2]) ...

Possible risks in reservoir flood control and regulation cannot be objectively assessed by deterministic flood forecasts, resulting in the probability of reservoir failure. We demonstrated a risk analysis of reservoir flood routing calculation accounting for inflow forecast uncertainty in a sub-basin of Huaihe River, China. The Xinanjiang model was used to provide deterministic flood forecasts,...

Rice is an essential crop in Iran that is grown mostly in areas where depth to groundwater is low. Root growth and water uptake of rice under shallow groundwater has not been thoroughly studied. This experiment was conducted to determine the lowland rice (cv. Ghasrodashti) root distribution above shallow groundwater in relation to deficit irrigation and groundwater depth in cylindrical gre...

The effectiveness of three simple flood operating rules in reducing the peak flow is compared for four simplified hydrograph shapes. The Minimize Flood Peak rule uses available flood storage capacity to store peak flows from an accurate hydrograph forecast. The less demanding Minimize Flooding Frequency operating rule releases water at or below channel capacity until the flood storage pool is f...

Accurate estimate of flood flows at selected return periods is a fundamental step in flood control and design of hydraulic structures. Due to the inadequacy or unavailability of flood flow records in several western catchments of Iran, traditional regional flood frequency methods lead to remarkable estimate errors, particularly for long return periods. In this research, discriminant analysis is...