distribution and allocation of resources is affected by factors such as values, norms, social stratifications, ideology, information, coercion, political challenges, and even external factors. this finding means that there is always a fundamental tendency to redirect resources toward political goals instead of public interests and development. because the resource structure is strongly influenc...

introductionrural areas have an important role in the development of countries. while rural areas by implementing a detailed plan developed in accordance with the characteristics of the villages in the area certainly play a pivotal role in national development if required. this small rural city located in fars province to eliminate inequalities in the distribution of resources and services to t...

This paper provides an overview of the authors’ previous work in formulating a comprehensive approach to the important problem of water distribution network renewal planning, with a particular emphasis on the computing aspects involved. As pipes in a water distribution network age in service, they are characterized by increased frequency of breakage and decreased hydraulic capacity. The resulti...

Software development processes are highly creative, and subject to frequent changes-making it hard to plan and schedule these processes in advance. Also, distributed projects cannot be planned centrally, especially if the involved parties are individual companies with their own areas of responsibility (as is the case in virtual Software corporations). On the other hand, certain aspects of the o...