prolonged excessive intake of fluoride during child's growth and development stages has been associated with mental and physical problems. the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of excessive fluoride intake on the intelligence quotient (iq) of children living in five rural areas in makoo/iran.in this cross-sectional study, 293 children aged 6-11 years were selected from five villag...

BACKGROUND Poor state of water supply systems, shortage of water purification facilities and disinfection systems, low quality of drinking water generally in Russia and particularly in the regions of the Russian Arctic, Siberia and Far East have been defined in the literature. However, no standard protocol of water security assessment has been used in the majority of studies. STUDY DESIGN AND...

background: this study aimed to evaluated trends for iron and manganese concentrations in wells, reservoirs, and water distribution networks in qom city during the summer of 2012. methods: this was a cross-sectional study. the studied scopes consisted of groundwater (60 wells), reservoirs (10 tanks), and water distribution network (33 points). one sample was taken from each source monthly. stat...

conclusions by combining the two tests, a rapid approach to estimation of most probable number of chlorinated methane utilizing bacteria is introduced. treatment by nanosilver particles was resulted in the easier and faster biodegradation of chloroform by bacteria. thus, degradation of these chlorinated compounds is more efficient compared to cometabolism. results most probable number of methyl...

conclusions as we can see the ann outputs values are very close to actual cu concentration, so indicating that predicted values are accurate and the network design is proper and the input variables well suitable for the prediction of cu concentration. background access to safe drinking water is one of the basic human rights and essential for healthy life. concerns about the effects of copper on...

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OBJECTIVES Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is a powerful tool for assessing exposure in epidemiologic studies. We used GIS to determine the geographic extent of contamination by perfluorooctanoic acid, C8 (PFOA) that was released into the environment from the DuPont Washington Works Facility located in Parkersburg, West Virginia. METHODS Paper maps of pipe distribution networks were prov...

This study is descriptive - cross sectional and  during  the 8 months from  winter of 2012 to spring and summer 2013 was performed . In this study at first, with preparation and organization the questionnaire, information about  usage, type and functionality of household treatment systems were collected. Then from 20 Household water treatment ،after water treatment, the samples were taken. samp...

Ten percent of the world population lack access to safe drinking water. In Pakistan 44% of the 180 million population is without access to safe drinking water, 64% of urban and 84% of rural population do not treat their drinking water and consequently waterborne diseases are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity. High stress in the use of ground and surface water, fast growth in populati...