Volcanically active islands abound in the tropical Pacific and harbor complex coral communities. Whereas lava streams and deep ash deposits are well-known to devastate coral communities through burial and smothering, little is known about the effect of moderate amounts of small particulate ash deposits on reef communities. Volcanic ash contains a diversity of chemical compounds that can induce ...

To celebrate the centenary of John Cage’s birth in 1912, Western Australian new music ensemble Decibel undertook the realization of the American composer John Cage’s (1912 – 1992) complete Variations I – VIII. The works offer a unique insight into the development of Cage’s approach to composition practice, aleatoric approaches, spatial arrangements and the use of electronics. Entitled the “John...

T historians and laypeople alike often look upon medicine from the Anglo-Saxon period (550-1066 A.D.) with horror and derision. One seems to conjure up images of dirty rags used to clean wounds, or ground-up dung ingested to cure a headache. When one examines the actual medical remedies of the time, however, useful cures can be found. The remedies in Anglo-Saxon medical texts are extremely inte...

present paper is a translation of the travelogue of sefer muratowicz, the armenian-origin polish merchant and traveler who made a journey to persia in 1602. apart from translation, we would provide, in present article, some codicological information and a content review.  because one of the travelogue versions has been corrected by tadeusz juda krusiński, his footnotes are cited as well. in pre...

beowulf is the first known english epic which preserves the history, myth, culture and some basic human values of people from the past and present, though beowulf is often considered as the archetypal of an anglo-saxon literary work depicting the pagan life of the scandinavians. but a close analysis of their culture presents another perspective of history. some epic characters even elevate them...

The region of Latgale/Polish Livonia lies on the intersection between Lutheran northern half Baltic and Roman Catholic southern part. Almost all local German nobility had accepted Lutheranism, but was politically a part Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Jesuit missionaries tried to re-Catholicise this region. religious contact surrounding pagan countryside diligently noted in reports, which becam...