The aim of this paper is the steady state and dynamic simulations of the ammonia unit of Shiraz petrochemical complex and system behavior study versus the feed flow rate change for producing a good quality product. The ammonia unit consists of the reformer units, shift converter units, carbon dioxide absorption unit, methanation unit, and ammonia synthesis unit. For this purpose, in the first s...

Inflammation has classically been defined histopathologically, especially by the presence of immune cell infiltrates. However, more recent studies suggest a role for "low-grade" inflammation in a variety of disorders ranging from metabolic syndrome to cancer, which is defined by modest elevations in pro-inflammatory gene expression. Consequently, there is a need for cost-effective, non-invasive...

Practical exploitation of optimal dual control (ODC) theory continues to be hindered by the difficulties involved in numerically solving the associated stochastic dynamic programming (SDPs) problems. In particular, high-dimensional hyper-states coupled with the nesting of optimizations and integrations within these SDP problems render their exact numerical solution computationally prohibitive. ...

In this paper, a novel quadratic assignment-based mathematical model is developed for concurrent design of robust inter and intra-cell layouts in dynamic stochastic environments of manufacturing systems. In the proposed model, in addition to considering time value of money, the product demands are presumed to be dependent normally distributed random variables with known expectation, variance, a...

The following chapter can be understood as one sort of brief introduction to the history and basics of the Hidden Markov Models. Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) are learnable finite stochastic automates. Nowadays, they are considered as a specific form of dynamic Bayesian networks. Dynamic Bayesian networks are based on the theory of Bayes (Bayes & Price, 1763). A Hidden Markov Model consists of tw...

Determination of facilities, such as factories or warehouses, location and availability conditions is one of the important and strategic decisions for an organization to make. Transportation costs that form a major part of goods price are dependent to this decision making. There are verity of methods have been presented to achieve the optimal locations of these facilities which are generally de...

Cells adapt to environmental changes by efficiently adjusting gene expression programs. Staphylococcus aureus, an opportunistic pathogenic bacterium, switches between defensive and offensive modes in response to quorum sensing signal. We identified and studied the structural characteristics and dynamic properties of the core regulatory circuit governing this switch by deterministic and stochast...