Introduction : Designing an effective vaccine against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 is a global health priority . Multi-epitope vaccines offer several potential advantages that may be promising in case of mutable divergent pathogens such as HIV-1. Herein, a multiepitopic recombinant protein containing various HIV-1 antigens was expressed in E. coli cells and its immunogenicity in combi...

Dynamic activity of signaling pathways, such as Notch, is vital to achieve correct development and homeostasis. However, most studies assess output many hours or days after initiation of signaling, once the outcome has been consolidated. Here we analyze genome-wide changes in transcript levels, binding of the Notch pathway transcription factor, CSL [Suppressor of Hairless, Su(H), in Drosophila]...

The wild mouse ecotropic retrovirus (WM-E) induces a spongiform neurodegenerative disease in mice after a variable incubation period of 2 months to as long as 1 year. We isolated a molecular clone of WM-E (15-1) which was weakly neurovirulent (incidence, 8%) but was highly leukemogenic (incidence, 45%). Both lymphoid and granulocytic leukemias were observed, and these leukemias were often neuro...

Background: The exposure of human being to ionize radiation from natural sources is a continuing, inescapable feature of life on earth. Direct measurement of absorbed dose rates in air has been carried out in many countries of the world during the last few decades. Such investigations can be useful for assessment of public dose rates, the performance of epidemiological studies, and kee...

Yolanda Vida Pol,a Rafael Suau,a Ezequiel Perez-Inestrosaa and Dario M. Bassani*b a Departamento de Quimica Organica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, Campus de Teatinos, E-29071 Malaga, Spain b Groupe de Chimie Supramoléculaire, Biomimetisme et Nanosciences, LCOO, CNRS UMR 5802, Université Bordeaux I, 33405 Talence, France. E-mail: [email protected]; Fax: 33 4000 6158; ...

T h i s paper introduces a locat ion update pol icy which min imizes the cost of mobile t e rmina l ( M T ) location tracking. An M T dynamica l l y de t e rmines when t o per form locat ion update based o n i ts mobil i ty p a t t e r n a n d the incoming call arrival probability. T h e per formance of this s c h e m e is close to tha t of t he op t ima l pol icy reported earlier. However , t ...

Many insects exploit skylight polarization for visual compass orientation or course control. As found in crickets, the peripheral visual system (optic lobe) contains three types of polarization-sensitive neurons (POL neurons), which are tuned to different ( approximately 60 degrees diverging) e-vector orientations. Thus each e-vector orientation elicits a specific combination of activities amon...