In this paper, we present a framework designed to enable peer-based intelligent tutoring, inspired by McCalla’s ecological approach[4]. In particular, we focus on the question of how to sequence the content that is presented to a student and offer an algorithm that selects appropriate learning objects (webpages, videos, research pages etc.) from a repository, for each student based on the previ...

The paper focuses on the fuzzy extensions of two data analysis methods, namely the fuzzy cluster analysis and the fuzzy interpolation of spatial data (the so-called fuzzy kriging) and their suitability for ecological applications. Both extensions utilize exact (crisp) measurement data as well as imprecise data defined as fuzzy numbers or fuzzy vectors. Fuzzy clustering of fuzzy data (conical fu...

New approaches to emergent learner-directed learning design can be strengthened with a theoretical framework that considers learning as a dynamic process. We propose an approach that models a learning process using a set of spatial concepts: learning space, position of a learner, niche, perspective, step, path, direction of a step and step gradient. A learning process is presented as a path wit...

Row-crop agriculture is one of the most extensive and closely coupled natural– human systems and has extraordinary implications for human welfare and environmental well-being. The continued intensification of row-crop agriculture provides food for billions and, for at least the past 50 years, has slowed (but not stopped) the expansion of cropping onto lands valued for conservation and other env...

This article presents both theoretical and technical bases on which to build a ‘‘science of text visualization.’’ These conceptually produce ‘‘the ecological approach,’’ which is rooted in ecological and evolutionary psychology. The basic idea is that humans are genetically selected from their species history to perceptually interpret certain informational aspects of natural environments. If in...

Perception refers to how animals, including humans, can be aware of their surroundings. The ecological approach to perception refers to a particular idea of how perception works and how it should be studied. The label " ecological " reflects two main themes that distinguish this approach from the establishment view. First, perception is an achievement of animal-environment systems, not simply a...

Four approaches to interface design are considered: technology centered, user centered, control centered, and use centered (ecological). Each perspective provides unique insights into pieces of the interface design problem. However, it is argued that the ecological or use centered approach provides a more comprehensive framework within which the other three perspectives can play important suppo...

the study of karst phenomena and its potentials has had always a particular importance in semi-arid zones of iran, specifically due to the lack of water sources. in this paper, we are going to discuss the landscape morphology in karstic areas, and the way we can have an ecological planning approach to it. maharlu karst basin was selected as the case study of karstic area, and kaftarak mount in ...