PURPOSE To determine the roles of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and vimentin in Müller cell reactivity. METHODS Retinal detachments were created in mice deficient for GFAP and vimentin (GFAP(-/-)vim(-/-)) and age-matched wild-type (wt) mice. The reactivity of the retina was studied by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. RESULTS Müller cell morphology was different and gluta...

Photoelectron spectra of (HF)(3)(-) reveal coexistence of two anionic isomers with vertical electron detachment energies (VDE) of 0.24 and 0.43 eV. The results of electronic-structure calculations, performed at the coupled cluster level of theory with single, double, and noniterative triple excitations, suggest that the two isomers observed experimentally are an open, zigzag, dipole-bound anion...

Small electrostatic fields of values not strong enough to activate electron impact ionization, attachment, and detachment processes can be established in the upper atmosphere by underlying thunderstorms. This paper investigates their effects on the ionospheric densities by using a simplified ion chemistry model. The modeling results indicate that under the steady state condition, the nighttime ...

We have used ultrafast time-resolved photoelectron imaging to measure charge transfer dynamics in iodide-doped acetonitrile clusters I(-)(CH(3)CN)(n) with n = 5-10. Strong modulations of vertical detachment energies were observed following charge transfer from the halide, allowing interpretation of the ongoing dynamics. We observe a sharp drop in the vertical detachment energy (VDE) within 300-...

Detachment of neutral cations/anions from solid alkali halides can in principle be provoked by donating/subtracting electrons to the surface of alkali halide crystals, but generally constitutes a very endothermic process. However, the amount of energy required for emission is smaller for atoms located in less favorable positions, such as surface steps and kinks. For a corner ion in an alkali ha...

Uranium chlorides are important in actinide chemistry and nuclear industries, but their chemical bonding and many physical and chemical properties are not well understood yet. Here, we report the first experimental observation of two gaseous uranium hexachloride anions, UCl6 (-) and UCl6 (2-), which are probed by photoelectron spectroscopy in conjunction with quantum chemistry calculations. The...

We present a study of the particle transfer reaction between Oand D2 at three collision energies between 0.25 and 0.37 eV. Over this range, the product flux distributions extend over the full range of scattering angles, indicative of collisions in which the atoms remain in close proximity for a significant fraction of a rotational period. The vibrational state populations show the onset of a po...

The resonant attachment of a free electron to a closed shell neutral molecule and the interplay between the following electron detachment and electronic relaxation channels represents a fundamental but common process throughout chemical and biochemical systems. The new methodology of anion frequency-resolved photoelectron imaging is detailed and used to map out molecular excited state dynamics ...

Electron-DNA anion collisions were studied using an electrostatic storage ring with a merging electron-beam technique. The rate of neutral particles emitted in collisions started to increase from definite threshold energies, which increased regularly with ion charges in steps of about 10 eV. These threshold energies were almost independent of the length and sequence of DNA, but depended strongl...

The roles of the molecularly assisted ionization (MAI), recombination (MAR) and dissociation (MAD) reaction chains with respect to purely atomic processes were studied experimentally during detachment in low-confinement mode (L-mode) plasmas JET help inferred divertor plasma neutral conditions, extracted previously from filtered camera observations deuterium Balmer emission, coefficients provid...