Two morphologically distinct extracellular stalk fibers produced by Gallionella ferruginea were compared by electron microscopy and elemental analysis. The thick- and fine-fiber stalks were different in structure on a micrometer scale and in the site on the mother cell to which they were attached, but on a nanometer scale they were similar in ultrastructure and in the elemental composition of t...

The composition of sediment organic matter (OM) exerts a strong control on biogeochemical processes in lakes, such as those involved in the fate of carbon, nutrients and trace metals. While between-lake spatial variability of OM quality is increasingly investigated, we explored in this study how the molecular composition of sediment OM varies spatially within a single lake and related this vari...

This study was carried out to describe the chemical characteristics of individual residual particles in hexagonal snow crystals, which can provide a clue to the aerosol removal mechanism during snowfall. In the present study, to collect snow crystal individually and to identify the elemental composition of individual residues retained in a hexagonal crystal, an orchestration of the replication ...

We analyzed sediment elemental composition (C, N, P, and Si) and planktonic diatom fossils from the top 32 cm of a short core (55 cm) from Yellowstone Lake (Wyoming), tracking deposition from about 1650 to 1998. Associations between fossil communities and sediment chemistry were measured by rank-order correlation to gauge decadal scale relationships between lake chemistry and phytoplankton comm...

The sulfur-binding protein of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans ATCC 23270 was investigated. The protein composition of the bacterium's cell surface changed according to the culture substrate. Sulfur-grown cells showed greater adhesion to sulfur than iron-grown cells. The sulfur-grown cells synthesized a 40-kDa surface protein which was not synthesized by iron-grown cells. The 40-kDa protein had thiol ...

Response surface methodology was applied to determine the optimal medium composition for sulphuric acid production by an indigenous Thiobacillus thiooxidans. With a view to reducing the number of experiments and obtaining the mutual interactions between the variables, a 24 full-factorial central composite design was employed for experimental design and analysis of the results. Four independent ...

The fish otolith (earstone) has long been known as a timekeeper, but interest in its use as a metabolically inert environmental recorder has accelerated in recent years. In part due to technological advances, applications such as stock identification, determination of rnigralon pathways, reconstruction of temperature and salinity history, age validation, detection of anadromy, use as a natural ...