In the three decades since FMRFamide was isolated from the clam Macrocallista nimbosa, the list of RFamide peptides has been steadily growing. These peptides occur widely across the animal kingdom, including five groups of RFamide peptides identified in mammals. Although there is tremendous diversity in structure and biological activity in the RFamides, the involvement of these peptides in the ...

The ion-kinetic energy throughout K emission in a stagnating plasma was determined from the Doppler contribution to the shapes of optically thin lines. X-ray spectroscopy with a remarkably high spectral resolution, together with simultaneous imaging along the pinch, was employed. Over the emission period, a drop of the ion-kinetic energy down to the electron thermal energy was seen. Axially res...

Short-term exercise training improves insulin action, but the impact of replacing the energy expended during exercise to prevent energy deficit is unclear. The purpose of this study was to establish the role of an energy deficit in mediating improved insulin action after short-term exercise training. Two groups of previously sedentary, overweight/obese subjects performed 6 consecutive days of m...

the base of this review is to consider the relevant role that animal factors (potential milk yield, body weight, body condition score, state of lactation, parity and fertility) play on milk performance (considering the energy balance and the rumen function across the full lactation curve of animals) and milk quality (milk protein content, milk fat content, milk lactose content, vitamins, minera...

Each year more than 100Tg of smoke aerosols are released into the atmosphere from biomass burning out of which 80% is in the tropical regions (Hao and Liu, 1994). These aerosols affect the radiative energy balance of the earthatmosphere system both on regional and global scales. Satellite remote sensing plays a key role in biomass burning research by identifying fire sources and the spatial dis...

The physical description in itself can be based on the kind of coupling being involved (i.e., thermal, gravitational, electromagnetic, or by matter exchange). Gravitational coupling is related to celestial mechanics and tidal deformation. Thermal coupling is ultimately concerned with energy balance. Matter exchange is concerned with the interaction between contiguous systems, and particularly i...

It is often claimed that we do not understand the forces driving the global diversity gradient. However, an extensive literature suggests that contemporary climate constrains terrestrial taxonomic richness over broad geographic extents. Here, we review the empirical literature to examine the nature and form of the relationship between climate and richness. Our goals were to document the support...

The objective of this study was to assess the environmental impact of a submerged anaerobic MBR (SAnMBR) system in the treatment of urban wastewater at different temperatures: ambient temperature (20 and 33°C), and a controlled temperature (33°C). To this end, an overall energy balance (OEB) and life cycle assessment (LCA), both based on real process data, were carried out. Four factors were co...

Atmospheric aerosols interact with sun light by scattering and absorbing radiation. By changing irradiance of the Earth surface, modifying cloud fractional cover and microphysical properties and a number of other mechanisms, they affect the energy balance, hydrological cycle, and planetary climate [IPCC, 2007]. In many world regions there is a growing impact of aerosols on air quality and human...