In this paper we present a framework defining the architecture of systems providing software components with means to contractualise their resource access conditions with their deployment environment dynamically. We also present the JAMUS platform, a prototype we have developed in order to show how our framework can be used to support the dynamic definition and enforcement of contracts binding ...

Over the past few years, the notion of building software from components has become popular again. The goal is to produce systems by adapting and linking off-the-shelf modules from a pool of interchangeable components. To turn this idea into reality, the formal descriptions of software components need to specify more than the type signatures of their exported services. At a minimum, they should...

BACKGROUND In Switzerland, basic health insurance is mandatory for all inhabitants, but a rising number of insured have arrears in premium payments, potentially leading to coverage suspension. We aimed at characterizing insured with debt enforcement proceedings with respect to socio-demographic and health utilization aspects. METHODS Cross-sectional analysis of 508.000 insured with basic heal...

A management framework has been successfully utilized at Imperial College London in the United Kingdom to improve the process for developing and managing university-industry research collaborations. The framework has been part of a systematic approach to increase the level of research contracts from industrial sources, to strengthen the university’s academic base, and to diversify the provision...

While a key function of contracts is to provide incentives, the incentives of judges to enforce the terms of a contract have rarely been examined. This paper develops a simple model of judicial agency in which judges are corrupt and can be bribed by contracting parties. Higher-powered contracts expose contracting parties to more frequent and more severe corruption, which in turn lessens the inc...

Programs should consist of off-the-shelf, interchangeable, black-box components that are produced by a network of independent software companies. These components should not only come with type signatures but also with contracts that describe other aspects of their behavior. One way to express contracts is to state preand postconditions for externally visible functions. These preand post-condit...

Objective: This study seeks to analyse how the New York Convention for Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitration Awards can be applied recognition enforcement foreign arbitration awards in petroleum disputes Iraq. Theoretical framework: Iraq acceded 2021. placed commercial reservation, meaning that applies only differences considered under Iraqi laws. There is a great jurisprudential d...

We present a locational model of banking with two types of private banks, honest and opportunistic, and a state bank that is assumed to be less efficient. Opportunistic banks choose whether to honor their contracts with depositors depending on the probability of contract enforcement. We derive three types of equilibria, which depend on institutional quality: a “low” equilibrium in which private...