We provide algebraic semantics together with a sound and complete sequent calculus for information update due to epistemic actions. This semantics is flexible enough to accommodate incomplete as well as wrong information e.g. deceit. We give a purely algebraic treatment of the muddy children puzzle, which moreover extends to situations where the children are allowed to lie and cheat. Epistemic ...

We draw parallels between several closely related logics that combine – in different proportions – elements of game theory, computation tree logics, and epistemic logics to reason about agents and their abilities. These are: the coalition game logics CL and ECL introduced by Pauly in 2000, the alternating-time temporal logic ATL developed by Alur, Henzinger and Kupferman between 1997 and 2002, ...

introduction otomycosis is a common infection of the external ear that is seen in the tropical and subtropical areas of the world. we performed mycologic analysis by obtaining samples from the external auditory canal in patients clinically diagnosed with otomycosis. methods 174 patients with clinical suspicion of otomycosis referred to the otolaryngology clinic of al-zahra and kashani hospitals...

The quality of user interfaces is often measured in terms of efficiency, effectiveness, and satisfaction. In the area of tangible user interfaces, epistemic--or exploratory--action has been suggested as a fourth measure of quality. In computer game studies (Kirsh & Maglio, 1992, 1994), players used epistemic actions to modify the environment, which helped them determine the correct position of ...

We argue that people intuitively distinguish epistemic (knowable) uncertainty from aleatory (random) uncertainty and show that the relative salience of these dimensions is reflected in natural language use. We hypothesize that confidence statements (e.g., “I am fairly confident,” “I am 90% sure,” “I am reasonably certain”) communicate a subjective assessment of primarily epistemic uncertainty, ...

We argue that people intuitively distinguish epistemic (knowable) uncertainty from aleatory (random) uncertainty and show that the relative salience of these dimensions is reflected in natural language use. We hypothesize that confidence statements (e.g., “I am fairly confident,” “I am 90% sure,” “I am reasonably certain”) communicate a subjective assessment of primarily epistemic uncertainty, ...

the study of regional variations and the anthropogenic contamination by trace toxic elements of soils is very important for environmental planning and monitoring in urban areas. soil, sediment and rocks of urban areas of kerman studied to assess the degree of pollution by trace elements as a consequence of anthropogenic sources. 37 samples were collected and analyzed by icp-ms for 29 elements. ...

Recent years have seen a rapidly growing trend of outsourcing elements public participation from institutions to external citizen engagement consultants (CECs). This study examined this phenomenon using the theoretical framework epistemic in/justice. It is based on sequential deductive-inductive analysis interviews with administrators, private CECs, and citizens, all involved in participative i...