⋆ Partially supported by the National Science Foundation; Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellow. † Permanent address: Center for Theoretical Physics, MIT, Cambridge, Mass. 02139. Supported in part D.O.E. contract DE-AC02-76ER03069 and NSF grant PHY91-06210. We study the metric of minimal area on a punctured Riemann surface under the condition that all nontrivial homotopy closed curves be longer than ...

The condition that the radius of one component of a binary star is equal to that of its Roche lobe has so far been used as a criterion for the occurrence of mass transfer. However, this criterion is only approximate. It is introduced for the simplification of the calculations from three-dimensions to onedimension. A modified criterion is introduced, which is more strict and can also be used in ...

Within the phenomenological approach a criterion for a choice of the order parameter of the superfluid phases of 3 He in aerogel in a vicinity of the transition temperature is derived. The order parameter of bulk B-phase of 3 He meets this criterion and that of the bulk A-phase doesn't. A class of order parameters of Equal Spin Pairing (ESP) type meeting the derived criterion is discussed. Orde...

Within a phenomenological approach a criterion for a choice of forms of the order parameter of the superfluid phases of 3 He in aero-gel in a vicinity of the transition temperature is derived. The order parameter of bulk B-phase of 3 He meets this criterion and that of the bulk A-phase doesn't. A class of order parameters of Equal Spin Pairing (ESP) type meeting the derived criterion is discuss...

justified. Subjects who fail to satisfy an entry criterion may be excluded from the analysis without the possibility of introducing bias only under the following circumstances: 1) the entry criterion was measured prior to randomization; 2) the detection of the relevant eligibility violations can be made completely objectively; 3) all subjects receive equal scrutiny for eligibility violations (T...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS DSM-5 provides nine diagnostic criteria for gambling disorder. All criteria have a pre-assumed equal diagnostic impact and are applied to all individuals and groups in an equal manner. The aims of the study are to analyse the structure underlying the diagnosis and to assess whether DSM-5 is equally applicable to different groups of gamblers. METHODS Data from the 2009 Germ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Carotid artery atherosclerosis has been shown to correlate with coronary artery disease (CAD). This study evaluates the capacity of duplex ultrasonography of the carotid arteries as a tool in the diagnosis of CAD in comparison with exercise stress test and variance ECG. METHODS Carotid ultrasonography, exercise stress test, and variance ECG were performed in 184 symptom...