Deregulation ha~ opened up many opportunities and challenges in the transportation industry opportunities to increase profits and challenges to keep from being outflanked by competition. A goal of particular interest to the scheduled airlines is to set prices more adaptively and to ~hange them more rapidly. A difficult problem arises when many passengers with different itineraries compete for a...

A dynamic booking policy for multiple fare classes that share the same seating pool on one leg of an airline flight, when seats are booked in a nested fashion and when lower fare classes book before higher ones, is determined. The dynamic policy of airline booking makes repetitive use of an optimal static policy over the booking period, based on the most recent demand and capacity information. ...

Customer choice behavior, such as “buy-up” and “buy-down”, is an important phenomenon in a wide range of revenue management contexts. Yet most revenue management methodologies ignore this phenomenon or at best approximate it in a heuristic way. In this paper, we provide an exact and quite general analysis of this problem. Specifically, we analyze a single-leg yield management problem in which t...

In recent years, there has been much advancement in the field of ontology modularity. However, work on evaluation metrics for modules is lacking. For the studies that do exist on evaluation metrics, they specialise on only a few metrics, and there is not always a quantitative approach to calculate them. Furthermore, the metrics are not comprehensive enough to apply to the different types of mod...

At the end of 1989 a new ticket issuing and collection system, including automatic gates at 63 busy central stations, was brought into full operation on the London Underground. One of the system's principal objectives, a reduction in fare evasion, appears to have been achieved. The results of before-and-after surveys undertaken by the management of the Underground suggest that fare evasion has ...

We have begun to see the emergence of large-scale knowledge bases that house tens of thousands of facts encoded in expressive representational languages. The richness of these representations ooer the promise of signiicantly improving the quality of natural language generation, but their repre-sentational complexity, scale, and task-independence pose great challenges to generators. We have desi...

we first describe how to “fuzzify” the estimated binary columns to create a [0,1]-valued column. werefer to this [0,1] -valued column as the soft segmentation column of the noisy spectrogram column.similarly to the collection of soft segmentation columns as the soft segmentation image, or simply asthe soft segmentation. the band-dependent posterior probability that the hard segmentation columnv...

introduction: virtual bronchoscopy is a reliable and efficient diagnostic method for primary symptoms of lung cancer. the segmentation of airways from ct images is a critical step for numerous virtual bronchoscopy applications. materials and methods: to overcome the limitations of the fuzzy connectedness method, the proposed technique, called fuzzy connectivity - fuzzy c-mean (fc-fcm), utilized...