Using ratings of corporate governance developed by RiskMetrics Group (RMG), formerly Institutional Shareholder Services, we investigate whether relatively poor governance is associated with financial restatement, and whether restatement results in improved governance. We identify 150 firms that restated their 2003 financial statements to correct material error, and we use Compustat to generate ...

Due to reduced profitability, increased price competition, and strengthened regulation, financial institutions in all countries are now upgrading their financial analytics based on Monte Carlo simulation. In this article, we propose three key technologies, i.e., data protection, integrity, and deadline scheduling, which are indispensable to build a secure PC-grid for financial risk management. ...

Although cancer patients may incur a wide range of cancer-related out-of-pocket costs and experience reduced income, the consequences of this financial burden are poorly understood. We investigated: financial adjustments needed to cope with the cancer-related financial burden; financial distress (defined as a reaction to the state of personal finances); and factors that increase risk of financi...

Over the years, national and sub-national governments have introduced several initiatives to improve access to maternal and child health services in India. However, financial barriers have posed major constraints. Based upon the data of National Family Health Survey (NFHS) round 4 for Odisha state, our paper examines the out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE) borne by households for accessing materna...

The protection of people and physical assets is the objective of health and safety professionals and is accomplished through the paradigm of anticipation, recognition, evaluation, and control of risks in the occupational environment. Risk assessment concepts are not only used by health and safety professionals, but also by business and financial planners. Since meeting health and safety objecti...

The Risk Management Index, RMI, brings together a group of indicators that measure risk management performance and effectiveness. These indicators reflect the organizational, development, capacity and institutional actions taken to reduce vulnerability and losses, to prepare for crisis and to recover efficiently from disasters. This index was designed to assess risk management “performance”. It...

BACKGROUND Poverty is an extreme consequence of out of pocket payments in countries with health systems that do not provide financial risk protection through mandatory health insurance coverage for people in both the formal and informal sectors. The study assessed the determinants of impoverishment due to out of pocket payments in Nigeria. METHODS Secondary data from the Harmonized Nigeria Li...

background: in 2012, switzerland changed from retrospective to prospective hospital payment based on diagnosis related groups (drgs), following the example of the united states, australia, and germany. as in these countries, the objective of this transition was to motivate hospitals to improve efficiency by making them bear financial risk to some extent.objective: this contribution seeks to fin...

BACKGROUND Demand side financing (DSF) is a widely employed strategy to enhance utilization of healthcare. The impact of DSF on health care seeking in general and that of maternal care in particular is already known. Yet, its effect on financial access to care, out-of-pocket spending (OOPS) and provider motivations is not considerably established. Without such evidence, DSFs may not be recommen...

In this paper we investigate the number and maximum severity of the ruin excursion of the insurance portfolio reserve process in the Cramér–Lundberg model with and without tax payments. We also provide a relation of the Cramér–Lundberg risk model with the G/G/∞ queue and use it to derive some explicit ruin probability formulae. Finally, the renewal risk model with tax is considered, and an asym...