The cartilaginous endoskeletons of elasmobranchs (sharks and rays) are reinforced superficially by minute, mineralized tiles, called tesserae. Unlike the bony skeletons of other vertebrates, elasmobranch skeletons have limited healing capability and their tissues' mechanisms for avoiding damage or managing it when it does occur are largely unknown. Here we describe an aberrant type of mineraliz...

New observations on the axial skeleton of the extant lungfish Neoceratodus forsteri (Dipnoi; Sarcopterygii) indicate that neural and haemal arch elements develop more independently than previously believed. For example, while the cartilaginous neural arches/spines begin development anteriorly, just behind the skull, the distal supraneurals first form separately in the posterior region of the ax...

AIM To apply dual-source multidetector computed tomography (DSCT) scanning technology in conjunction with computationally assisted segmentation in order to explore and document skeletal variation that has occurred over the course of evolution. METHODS We examined 4 divergent species of elasmobranchs with high-resolution 3rd generation DSCT. The formalin prepared species examined were: Aptycho...

chordomas are low-grade malignant tumors of bone that occur almost exclusively in the axial  skeleton. chordomas are rare in children and adolescents and comprise

Fish larvae experience many environmental challenges during development such as variation in water velocity, food availability and predation. The rapid development of structures involved in feeding, respiration and swimming increases the chance of survival. It has been hypothesized that mechanical loading induced by muscle forces plays a role in prioritizing the development of these structures....

We perform the task of combining two skeleton images and to produce the recombinant skeleton. We propose the recombinant skeleton algorithm to produce the recombinant skeletons. The existing skeleton representation has been taken and the merge vertex detection algorithm was used before applying the recombinant skeleton algorithm. We can design and apply this recombinant skeleton in motion detec...

iv

The lens plays a central role in the development of optic cup. In fish, regression eye early affects craniofacial skeleton, size olfactory pits, nerve, and tectum. Lens removal further olfaction, prey capture, aggression. similarity fish to other vertebrates is basis for its use as an excellent animal model human defects. Questions regarding effects are specifically well-suited be addressed by ...