critical thinking ability has an important role in education. accordingly, scholars around the world are searching for new ways for teaching and improving students critical thinking ability. in line with the studies in efl contexts supporting the positive relationship between critical thinking and writing performances, this study investigated the differential effects of halverson’s critical thi...

testing plays a vital role in any language teaching program. it allows teachers and stakeholders, including program administrators, parents, admissions officers and prospective employers to be assured that the learners are progressing according to an accepted standard (douglas, 2010). the problems currently facing language testers have both practical and theoretical implications but the first i...

Background & Aim: Adverse childbirth experiences as a trauma can evoke fear and post-traumatic stress disorder in some women. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of counseling on post traumatic stress disorder after a traumatic childbirth. Methods & Materials: This research was a clinical trial which was conducted at Kamaly hospital in Karaj. Samples (300 women) who had experien...

  Background: The presence of a child’s parents during the induction of anesthesia has always been a controversial issue. While early studies found that parental presence could reduce parents' anxiety and increase cooperation of them. This study aimed to evaluate parental presence during children induction of anesthesia on a parent's anxiety.   Methods: This is randomized controlled trial resea...

simplification universal as a universal feature of translation means translated texts tend to use simpler language than original texts in the same language and it can be critically investigated through common concepts: type/token ratio, lexical density, and mean sentence length. although steps have been taken to test this hypothesis in various text types in different linguistic communities, in ...

Introduction: The elderly population is rising in Iran and other countries, and chronic diseases such as heart disease are prevalent among this population. People, especially in chronic diseases, depend on their families, and the family plays an important role in patient compliance with therapeutic and nutritional recommendations, and can be used to improve the quality of education for patients...