Glycerophospholipid flip-flop across biogenic membranes such as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a fundamental feature of membrane biogenesis. Flip-flop requires the activity of specific membrane proteins called flippases. These proteins have yet to be identified in biogenic membranes and the molecular basis of their action is unknown. It is generally believed that flippase-facilitated glycero...

The two-gate bistable flip-flop may be generalised to a coupled structure of many gates having more stable states. These multi-flop structures have applications as arbiters to control mutually-exclusive access by several concurrent processes to a single service or resource. The paper illustrates some aspects of their complex dynamic behaviour.

Use of a standard non-rad-hard digital cell library in the rad-hard design can be cost-effective solution for space applications. In this paper we demonstrate how flip-flop, as one most vulnerable cells, converted into flip-flop without modifying its internal structure. We present five variants Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR) flip-flop: baseline TMR latch-based True-Single Phase Clock (TSPC) sc...

Pulse-triggered flip-flops are mainly used to improve speed of operation (pipeline speed), though flip-flop robustness and system timing closure are challenging in a wide range of supply voltages. Usually pulse-triggered flip-flops have specific structures and transistor sizes to optimize the system performance. The transistor size, topology, and threshold voltage of the flip-flop make the timi...

The paper introduces novel architectures for implementation of fully static master-slave flip-flops for low power, high performance, and high density. Based on the proposed structure, traditional C(2)MOS latch (tristate inverter/clocked inverter) based flip-flop is implemented with fewer transistors. The modified C(2)MOS based flip-flop designs mC(2)MOSff1 and mC(2)MOSff2 are realized using onl...

Transmembrane lipid translocation (flip-flop) processes are involved in a variety of properties and functions of cell membranes, such as membrane asymmetry and programmed cell death. Yet, flip-flops are one of the least understood dynamical processes in membranes. In this work, we elucidate the molecular mechanism of pore-mediated transmembrane lipid translocation (flip-flop) acquired from exte...

In this paper, we have modelled the flip-flop clock to output delay dependency on the data arrival time and introduced this phenomenon in timing analysis. Traditionally, finding the minimum clock period of a flip-flop based sequential design was based on the assumption that the setup-time and clock to output delay of a flip-flop are constant and hence each stage of the pipeline can be analyzed ...

One of the effective ways to reduce power consumption is using clustered voltage scaling technique. The level converter flip-flop is needed to control static current when the block with Low Supply Voltage (VDDL) drives the block with High Supply Voltage (VDDH). One of the big challenges of design is that level converter flip-flop has low power and high speed. In this paper, pulse triggered leve...

Power consumption is a major bottleneck of system performance. A large portion of the on chip power is consumed by the clock system. It is made of the any integrated circuit, clock distribution network and flop-flops. A new system will considerably reduce the number of transistor it will lead to the reduction in clocking power and also improve the overall power consumption. Various design techn...

We demonstrate all-optical switching of 80 Gb/s data-packets using an optical wavelength converter that consists of an SOA and an optical filter. The wavelength converter is controlled by a monolithically integrated optical flip-flop memory. Introduction High-speed all-optical switches offer advantages in power consumption, foot-print and switching architectures compared to their electronic cou...