Dr. Danilo Otávio de Araújo Silva – Rua Paissandu 200 / 401 50070-200 Recife PE Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] Foramen magnum meningiomas ( FMM) are rare tumors. They represent around 3% of all meningiomas. According to the literature, these tumors are among the most challenging meningiomas to treat. The main classification system of these lesions depends whether the tumor is anterior or p...

BACKGROUND The variety of surgical approaches to jugular schwannomas makes selection of an approach difficult. The purpose of this study was to define the anatomic elements of these approaches. METHODS Ten adult cadaveric heads were examined. RESULTS There are lateral, posterior, and anterior routes that access various parts of the jugular foramen. Removal of the jugular process of the occi...

Textbooks in learning and behavior commonly describe performance on fixed-ratio schedules as "break and run," indicating that after reinforcement subjects typically pause and then respond quickly to the next reinforcement. Performance on variable-ratio schedules, on the other hand, is described as steady and fast, with few long pauses. Beginning with Ferster and Skinner's magnum opus, Schedules...

Case Description- Three female Pomeranian dogs with mean age about 1-year-old and history of seizure and sudden shock were referred to Small Animal Hospital of University of Tehran. Clinical Finding- Occipital Dysplasia was diagnosed by radiographic findings in rostrodorsal- coudoventral oblique view in all cases. Treatment and Outcome- These dogs recovered by 14 days administration of Glucoc...