Abstract The period between AD 700 and 1500 has been recently labeled as “Africa’s global Golden Age.” This is particularly true for the Shay communities living on Muslim-Christian frontier in ninth to fourteenth century AD. Located center of Ethiopian highlands, faced expansion Christian kingdoms advance Muslim polities. In an increasingly violent context religious conversion war two powers, s...

NICOLE GONTHIER, Lyon et ses pauvres au moyen-age (1350-1500), Lyons, Editions L'Hermes, 1978, 8vo, pp. 271, illus., F.5 1.00 (paperback). This study is inspired by a desire to reveal those who have been "hidden from history" using whatever documents are available for the period. Relying heavily on wills, church archives, and fiscal documents, Gonthier has skilfully reconstructed the changing m...