in the world history, from ancient times up to now, the plague has been followed by heavy casualties on human societies and social order. one of the deadliest plagues is the great plague of the middle ages, or so-called black death. this plague, in the eighth and ninth ah (fourteenth and fifteenth century ad) swept over some large areas of asia, especially the middle east, as well as europe, an...

In the late fourteenth century, Albanian tribes moved from Thessaly and settled in Peloponnesos getting permission Despotes of Morea, Theodore I Palaiologos (1383–1407). Although this migration changed ethnic situation despotate, it solved some economic demographic problems. particular, Albanians replenished army despotes. This article analyzes participation political events Despotate Morea fir...

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is the worst pandemic to ravage the world since the Black Death. The Second Bubonic Plague, caused by Yersinia pestis, emerged from Central Asia in the mid-fourteenth century. Within a few years, between 25% and 50% of the people of Europe, North Africa and parts of Asia perished in its wake, and populations continued to decline into the latter half ...

Colonial medicine is a thriving field of study in the history of nineteenth- and twentieth-century medicine. Medicine can be used as a lens to view colonialism in action and as a way to critique colonialism. This article argues that key debates and ideas from that modern field can fruitfully be applied to the Middle Ages, especially for the early empires of Spain and Portugal (mid-fourteenth to...

The Liber uricrisiarum in Wellcome MS 225 (hereafter, MS 225), a uroscopic treatise in Middle English that cites the De urinis by Isaac Judaeus as its principal source, ' exemplifies the sort of vernacular medical literature produced in abundance in late fourteenthand early fifteenth-century England that relies heavily on learned medical literature for its content.' Especially striking in the L...

At the end of Middle Ages in Lombardy it was common for a rural lord and his subjects to be defined as friends. By comparing other areas central northern Italy, essay underlines exceptional nature this situation, questions its causes. Such phenomenon had two main underlying reasons: on one hand, peculiar political relationship between city countryside that distinguished since late thirteenth ce...

In the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, rural lords exercised strong control over economic resources of Trentino area. The essay illustrates forms land rent collection, dwells in particular on exploitation mineral