cellulose was applied as a reusable and green catalyst for the facile four-component synthesis of 6-amino-4-aryl-3-methyl-1,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole-5-carbonitrile derivatives using hydrazine monohydrate, ethyl acetoacetate, malononitrile and aryl aldehydes, under solvent-free and thermal conditions. the use of non-toxic and inexpensive catalyst, short reaction time, clean work-up and goo...

Freshly prepared ZnO nanoparticles were used as an effective heterogeneous base catalyst for the synthesis of aryloximes. The conversion of arylaldehydes and arylketones into the corresponding oximes (up to quantitative yields) was achieved by simply mixing the liquid reactants and hydroxylamine hydrochloride with ZnO nanoparticles under solvent-free condition. The procedure was carried out und...

We propose a method for automatically detecting low-quality Web-text translated by statistical machine translation (SMT) systems. We focus on the phrase salad phenomenon that is observed in existing SMT results and propose a set of computationally inexpensive features to effectively detect such machine-translated sentences from a large-scale Web-mined text. Unlike previous approaches that requi...

A facile and highly efficient protocol was applied successfully to synthesize 4H-pyrimido[2,1,b]benzimiazoles and 4H-pyrimido[2,1,b]benzothiazoles through one-pot three-component cyclocondensation reactions of 2-aminobenzimidazole or 2-aminobenzothiazole with dimedone and aromatic aldehydes in the presence of guanidinium chloride under solvent-free conditions. The reactions us...

web 2.0 is not a single technology or standard but rather a set of concepts and features. web 2.0 concepts and features call for further attention. since, previous studies have only addressed only some of these concepts and features. in order to give a comprehensive view of web 2.0, these features are collected through literature review and a framework of web 2.0 features is presented. also, du...

Over the past decade or so, the web has been embraced by millions of people as an inexpensive channel to communicate and exchange information amongst them. Consequently, web application development has emerged as a prominent aspect of information systems development. All web applications have certain features in common, therefore, a set of requirements are being used repetitively for the web ap...