librarians are frequently consulted about proper citation formats and support the use of pc-based personal bibliographic citation management programs, such as endnote, often used by faculty and graduate students. recently, free or inexpensive web-based tools have been developed that create citations and format bibliographies. an analysis of citations generated by these programs shows that they ...

Editorial Ecology and Society was launched 25 years ago as a result of C.S. (Buzz) Holling’s vision for new type journal, one that free to read, inexpensive publish in, interdisciplinary, web-based, encouraged novel thinking grounded speculation. When Buzz eventually stepped down Editor-in-Chief (EIC), able […]

In the present of methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate, the synthesis of arylidene heterobicyclic pyrimidinones is studied by condensation of aromatic aldehyde, cyclopentanone, and urea or thiourea. Using solvent-free conditions, non-toxic and inexpensive materials, simple and clean work-up, short reaction times and good yields of the products are the advantages of this method.

In August 1998, an interviewer for an Indonesian news weekly asked Amien Rais, a major figure in national Islamic politics and founder of the National Mandate Party (Partai Amanat Nasional), why he had altered the name of the party from the originally proposed Partai Amanat Bangsa. He replied, “We chose Partai Amanat Nasional because it would be better translated into English as National Mandat...

Oxalic acid dihydrate as a green, mild and efficient catalyst for the one-pot three-component Biginelli synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-(1H)-one derivatives from the reaction between β-keto esters (methyl or ethyl acetoacetate), aromatic aldehyde (benzaldehye derivatives) and urea or thiourea under thermal and solvent-free conditions with excellent yields and short reaction time is st...

Oxalic acid dihydrate as a green, mild and efficient catalyst for the one-pot three-component Biginelli synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-(1H)-one derivatives from the reaction between β-keto esters (methyl or ethyl acetoacetate), aromatic aldehyde (benzaldehye derivatives) and urea or thiourea under thermal and solvent-free conditions with excellent yields and short reaction time is st...

Montmorillonite modified is an efficient environmental friendly catalyst under one-pot-three-component synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidine-2(1H) ones. The preparation was performed with an aldehyde, 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds, urea or thiourea under solvent-free conditions. In comparison with the other methods of Biginelli reaction, this new method has short reaction time inexpensive catalyst and ...

In the present of methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate, the synthesis of arylidene heterobicyclic pyrimidinones is studied by condensation of aromatic aldehyde, cyclopentanone, and urea or thiourea. Using solvent-free conditions, non-toxic and inexpensive materials, simple and clean work-up, short reaction times and good yields of the products are the advantages of this method.

W hen an innocent search for a local auto-body repair shop lands someone on a page that promotes great mortgage rates, inexpensive prescription drugs, legal assistance, or pain-free cosmetic surgery, that person has been Web spammed. This practice undermines the trustworthiness people have come to expect from search engines. Google, Yahoo, and MSN have built their reputation on providing reliab...

This study evaluated users’ behaviors when performing inexpensive or expensive e-commerce purchases on familiar and unfamiliar Web sites. Users were more comfortable with making inexpensive than expensive purchases. They also felt more secure and that their privacy was better protected when shopping with a familiar Web site than an unfamiliar one, especially for expensive purchases. For inexpen...