The transportation of hazardous materials such as gasoline has unique features due to the nature of these type of materials and the importance role of these material in human life. Therefore, determining the routing of these materials is more challengeable than non-hazardous one due to more dangerous and risky condition besides the transportation costs. Since the distribution of gasoline take p...

Fuel quality is an important indicator for the suitability of alternative fuel utilization in internal combustion (IC) engines. In this paper, light naphtha and fusel oil have been introduced as additives local low octane gasoline to operate a spark ignition (SI) engine. Investigated samples prepared based on volume denoted GN10 (90% 10% naphtha), GF10 oil), GN5F5 gasoline, 5% oil) addition G10...

Historically, carbon dioxide emissions from transport have been a globally discussed and analyzed problem. The adoption of flex fuel vehicles designed to run ethanol–gasoline blends is important mitigate these emissions. main purpose this paper analyze the impact price ratio on different vehicle models, discuss opportunities increase ethanol consumption perspective. Our analysis shows that use ...

Enhanced environmental quality, fuel security, and economic development along with reduced prices of ethanol–gasoline blends are often used as justifications for the U.S. federal excise tax exemption on ethanol fuels. However, the possible effect of increased overall consumption of fuel in response to lower total price, mitigating the environmental and fuel security benefits, are generally not ...

This paper uses several California data sets to test for differences in consumption patterns between greens and browns. A person’s ‘‘environmentalism’’ is rarely observed in consumer data sets. In California, a community’s share of Green Party registered voters is a viable proxy for community environmentalism. Environmentalists are more likely to commute by public transit, purchase hybrid vehic...

In this work, pentanol and camphor blended with petrol in different proportions were used on spark-ignition engines to evaluate their performance, characteristics, emissions. Sample P0A (gasoline) showed the best specific fuel consumption for lower torque (3Nm) a value of 19.2Kg/kWh, sample P0B (100% pure gasoline 5% camphor) had higher (6Nm) 12.9Kg/Kwh. For brake thermal efficiency, gives effi...

according to the global fuel crisis, it seems necessary to use alternative fuel instead of gasoline. since the natural gas is cheaper, have higher frequency than gasoline and less pollution, it is a suitable fuel. many efforts have been done in order to replace gasoline with natural gas. one of the methods is to inject natural gas and gasoline fuel simultaneously and to use the benefits of both...

Under the situation that single prediction can’t meet the accuracy requirements, combined forecasting method is usually the first choice. Using the history data of domestic oil products consumption, by optimized combination of grey forecasting GM(1, 1) model and artificial neural network, the combined forecasting model was built. It can be getting from the combined forecasting model that on the...

The impact of gasoline price changes on traffic safety has received increasing attention in empirical studies. However, this important relationship has not been explained within a conceptual or theoretical framework. In this study, we examine this relationship within a time geography framework in an attempt to understand the effect of time-varying fluctuations in gasoline prices and their relat...